Latest Research
All publications from the Cancer3.AI database, newest first.
A Personalised Vaccination Program Based on Immune Reconstitution in Paediatric Cancer Survivors.
Jurkowicz M, et al
A study published in Acta Paediatrica investigated whether a personalised revaccination strategy based on comprehensive immune reconstitution monitoring could better protect paediatric cancer survivors against vaccine-preventable diseases. Researchers assessed 52 children who had completed cancer treatment by measuring antibody titers to common childhood vaccines, immunoglobulin levels, and immune cell markers including B- and T-cell subpopulations as well as TREC and KREC excision circles. The findings revealed that standard revaccination guidelines required modification in the overwhelming majority of patients, with 57.9% of the closely monitored per-protocol group needing major changes and 36.8% needing minor adjustments. Children treated for haematological malignancies such as leukaemia or lymphoma were significantly more likely to require major revaccination modifications than those treated for solid tumours, reflecting more profound and prolonged immune suppression in that group. These results demonstrate that a uniform revaccination schedule is inadequate for paediatric cancer survivors, and that individualised immunological assessment before revaccination could meaningfully improve protection in this vulnerable population.
Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)
Source →Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Fracture Risk: A Systematic Literature Review and Pooled and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Elsayed M, et al
This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated whether immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), a widely used class of cancer immunotherapy drugs, increase the risk of bone fractures in patients with solid tumors. Researchers pooled data from 35 randomized controlled trials encompassing 23,404 patients, categorizing fractures as any fracture, osteoporotic, or pathologic. The analysis found no statistically significant increase in fracture risk associated with ICI therapy compared to non-ICI treatments, with an odds ratio of 1.10 for any fracture (95% CI: 0.80–1.50), and similarly null results for osteoporotic and pathologic fractures. Meta-regression identified no variables that predicted elevated fracture risk among ICI users. While these findings provide some reassurance to clinicians prescribing ICIs, the authors caution that very few of the included trials actively reported fracture outcomes and that observation periods were generally short. The study calls for longer-term, systematic fracture reporting in future ICI clinical trials to more definitively evaluate this potential bone safety concern.
Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Source →Kaposiform vascular tumors with Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon: a case series of KHE and KLA from a tertiary care center in India.
Swaminathan VV, et al
This case series from a tertiary care center in India examined six children presenting with features of Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon (KMP) — a dangerous triad of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, severe thrombocytopenia, and low fibrinogen — caused by rare underlying vascular tumors including Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) and Kaposiform lymphangiomatosis (KLA). The most common and effective treatment regimen combined corticosteroids and vincristine, with sirolimus added in refractory cases; one particularly resistant case required bevacizumab, an anti-VEGF agent that targets the vascular growth factor driving tumor proliferation. A notable new finding was that children presenting with hemorrhagic pleural and pericardial effusions alongside KMP-like features should prompt clinicians to investigate for KLA rather than assuming KHE alone, as KLA requires distinct diagnostic evaluation and management. Supportive care including cryoprecipitate transfusions and restricted platelet transfusion remained essential components of management across all cases, with one child requiring splenectomy due to diffuse splenic involvement. These findings provide practical clinical guidance for pediatric specialists encountering consumptive coagulopathy, emphasizing that early recognition of the specific underlying vascular tumor type is critical to selecting appropriate and potentially life-saving therapy.
European journal of pediatrics
Source →Targeting the BCR::ABL1 Kinase: Advances Beyond Imatinib in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia.
Naderi Z, et al
This review article examines the evolution of targeted therapies for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), focusing on advances in BCR::ABL1 kinase inhibition that have emerged since imatinib transformed the treatment landscape two decades ago. CML is driven by the BCR::ABL1 fusion oncoprotein, a constitutively active tyrosine kinase that remains the central therapeutic target in this disease. The development of second- and third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors — including dasatinib, nilotinib, bosutinib, ponatinib, and the novel STAMP inhibitor asciminib — has provided clinicians with more potent options capable of overcoming resistance mutations such as the notorious T315I gatekeeper mutation. These newer agents have significantly improved outcomes for patients who develop resistance or intolerance to imatinib, expanding the therapeutic arsenal available across all stages of disease. The review highlights that individualized treatment selection, balancing efficacy, tolerability, and the growing goal of treatment-free remission, is now central to modern CML management.
Current hematologic malignancy reports
Source →Divergent clinical presentations and management of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) mutations: a case report.
Kopanos S, et al
This case report describes two patients carrying heterozygous mutations in the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) gene who presented with an unusual coexistence of CaSR variants and primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), conditions that are typically considered separate diagnoses. The first patient, a 54-year-old woman with the Ala986Ser CaSR variant, also had a parathyroid adenoma and autoimmune Graves' disease, experiencing persistent hypercalcemia even after surgical removal of the adenoma, with calcimimetic therapy ultimately discontinued due to gastrointestinal side effects. The second patient, a 52-year-old man with a novel Glu1011Gln CaSR mutation, suffered severe hypercalcemia, elevated parathyroid hormone levels, and progressive bone mineral density loss, with imaging eventually identifying a suspected parathyroid adenoma. The authors conclude that CaSR mutations can produce a broader clinical spectrum than previously recognized, particularly when combined with autoimmune disease or sporadic adenomas, making accurate diagnosis and treatment substantially more challenging. These findings highlight the critical importance of genetic testing in atypical or treatment-resistant cases of hypercalcemia and support individualized, multidisciplinary management for affected patients.
Journal of medical case reports
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