Bone & Articular Cartilage

C40-C41WHO Vol. 3

Bone, Cartilage & Soft Tissue

Prognosis

This section is being prepared by our editorial process.

🔬 Histological Types

📚 Latest Research

2026-09-10

Primary Vertebral Malignant Rhabdoid Tumour in Late Childhood: A Clinicopathologic Case Expanding the Osseous Spectrum of Paediatric Rhabdoid Tumours.

Senthilkumar M, et al

Researchers report a clinicopathologic case of primary vertebral malignant rhabdoid tumour (MRT) occurring in a late-childhood patient, an exceptionally rare presentation that extends the known osseous spectrum of paediatric rhabdoid tumours beyond the more commonly reported soft-tissue and central nervous system sites. The case demonstrates that MRT can arise primarily within vertebral bone in older children, a finding with direct implications for differential diagnosis when an aggressive spinal mass is encountered in the paediatric population. Recognition of this entity in bone is clinically critical, as MRT carries a notoriously poor prognosis and requires prompt, multimodal oncological management distinct from other paediatric spinal tumours.

Pediatric blood & cancer

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2026-09-10

Ewing Sarcoma in Infants and Children Under 2 Years of Age: A French Retrospective Study.

Verdier E, et al

A French retrospective study of 1,621 patients treated between 1988 and 2015 found that infants under 2 years of age with Ewing sarcoma — the second most common primary bone cancer in children — can achieve the same 88% five-year disease-free survival and overall survival as older children aged 2–18 years when chemotherapy doses are adapted to age and weight and radiotherapy use is minimised. The cohort of 17 infants (1% of the total) had more frequently extraosseous tumours than older children (29% vs. 8%, p = 0.0037), yet their acute chemotherapy tolerance was comparable. Two infants experienced localised recurrences, one of whom had undergone incomplete tumour resection without additional local treatment, highlighting the importance of optimal local control. Long-term side effects at a median follow-up of 13.2 years were predominantly linked to surgery rather than chemotherapy, though certain late toxicities such as fertility impairment remain unevaluated and warrant continued monitoring as these patients age.

Pediatric blood & cancer

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2026-09-10

Image-guided ablation for pediatric malignant solid tumors: a review of modalities, evidence, and clinical applications.

Shashi K, et al

A comprehensive review of evidence from 1995 through early 2025 found that image-guided percutaneous ablation — encompassing radiofrequency ablation, cryoablation, microwave ablation, irreversible electroporation, and electrochemotherapy — is increasingly used in pediatric oncology, yet the available data consist almost entirely of small, retrospective, single-institution series that preclude firm conclusions about survival benefit. Five-year survival for bone tumors and soft tissue sarcomas remains near 60%, and ablation is reserved for relapsed, refractory, or surgically limited scenarios where standard surgical resection and systemic chemotherapy are not feasible. Hepatoblastoma showed the steepest rising incidence among ablation-relevant pediatric solid tumors, with an annual percent change of +2.17%. The authors conclude that establishing a coordinated multicenter registry with standardized survival endpoints is the most urgent unmet need to advance evidence-based use of ablation in this population.

Pediatric radiology

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