Latest Research
All publications from the Cancer3.AI database, newest first.
Association of 24-hour urinary parameters with renal function and other comorbidities in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.
Aykut H, et al
Researchers investigated the relationship between 24-hour urinary metabolic profiles and kidney function in 42 adult patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), a hereditary disorder and a leading cause of end-stage kidney failure. The retrospective study found that patients with significantly impaired kidney function, defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate below 60 mL/min/1.73 m², had markedly lower daily urinary excretion of calcium, uric acid, and citrate compared to those with better-preserved renal function. Logistic regression analysis confirmed that reduced urinary calcium and uric acid excretion were independently associated with kidney insufficiency, while low citrate excretion was specifically linked to a history of kidney stones. Notably, these metabolic changes closely resembled patterns seen in general chronic kidney disease populations, indicating that the alterations are likely a consequence of declining kidney function rather than a feature unique to ADPKD. The authors suggest that routine monitoring of 24-hour urinary metabolic parameters could provide clinically useful adjunctive information in managing ADPKD patients, and they emphasize the need for larger prospective studies to determine the prognostic significance of these markers in early disease stages.
BMC nephrology
Source →World's Largest Single-Surgeon Experience in Robotic Resection of Pulmonary and Bronchial Carcinoid Tumors.
Snyder CA, et al
This study presents the world's largest reported single-surgeon series of robotic surgical resections for pulmonary and bronchial carcinoid tumors, a category of rare, slow-growing neuroendocrine cancers of the lung and airways. By concentrating an exceptional volume of cases under one surgeon's care, the research offers uniquely consistent data on operative techniques, perioperative outcomes, and long-term results without the variability introduced by multiple operators. The findings demonstrate that robotic-assisted surgery is a safe and feasible minimally invasive approach for managing these tumors, with outcomes supporting its broader adoption in thoracic oncology. For patients, this evidence reinforces the potential benefits of robotic resection, including reduced surgical trauma, shorter hospital stays, and faster recovery compared with open surgery. For thoracic surgeons, this large single-surgeon benchmark provides a detailed roadmap of best practices and technical refinements specific to carcinoid tumor resection using robotic platforms.
Journal of robotic surgery
Source →Multicenter Real-World Analysis of Glofitamab in Relapsed/Refractory Primary CNS Lymphoma: Clinical Activity, CNS Penetration, and ctDNA Dynamics.
Yang A, et al
This multicenter real-world study investigated glofitamab, a bispecific antibody simultaneously targeting CD20 on tumor cells and CD3 on T cells, in 16 adults with relapsed or refractory primary CNS lymphoma, a rare and aggressive brain cancer with very limited treatment options. Glofitamab monotherapy achieved an overall response rate of 75%, including complete responses in 50% of patients, with a median progression-free survival of 15.4 months and median overall survival not yet reached, with some patients subsequently bridged to CAR-T cell therapy or stem cell transplantation. The drug was detectable in the cerebrospinal fluid of 60% of patients, confirming meaningful penetration of the blood-brain barrier and direct activity within the central nervous system compartment. Serial circulating tumor DNA profiling from cerebrospinal fluid demonstrated that early molecular clearance correlated with radiographic tumor response, while persistent or re-emerging ctDNA reliably predicted clinical disease progression before it became clinically apparent. The safety profile of glofitamab monotherapy was generally manageable with mostly mild adverse events, though two patients experienced Grade 3 or higher neurotoxicity that resolved with corticosteroids, and two patients died from immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome following subsequent CAR-T consolidation. These findings establish glofitamab as a promising therapeutic option for this difficult-to-treat disease and highlight cerebrospinal fluid ctDNA monitoring as a potentially valuable tool for real-time treatment response assessment.
American journal of hematology
Source →Loss of meningothelial identity and mesenchymal fate switching in NF2-mutant meningiomas.
Rahmanzade R, et al
Researchers investigated a rare but clinically serious phenomenon in which meningiomas—typically slow-growing brain tumors—transform into aggressive sarcomas, studying nine matched meningioma-sarcoma tumor pairs alongside an institutional cohort of 316 NF2-mutant intracranial tumors using DNA methylation profiling, next-generation sequencing, copy number analysis, and proteomics. Although the sarcomatous tumors were clonally derived from their meningioma predecessors—sharing identical NF2 gene mutations—they underwent dramatic biological reprogramming, losing meningothelial identity and acquiring features characteristic of mesenchymal tumors, including expression of cytokeratin and myogenic markers. Importantly, this transformation occurred in four patients without prior radiotherapy, directly challenging the assumption that radiation exposure is a prerequisite for sarcomatous change in meningiomas. Proteomic analysis revealed consistent upregulation of SOX2, a stem-cell-associated factor, suggesting that acquisition of stem-like properties drives this lineage divergence. Clinically, these tumors behaved far more like malignant sarcomas than high-grade meningiomas, with early recurrences and extracranial metastases. The findings underscore that current WHO morphology-based classification systems may inadequately capture these tumors, and that integrated molecular diagnostics are essential for correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment planning.
Acta neuropathologica
Source →Assessment of venous thromboembolism in adult-type diffuse gliomas at a quaternary neuro-oncology center: a retrospective cross-sectional study and systematic review.
de Sousa Bernardes L, et al
This study investigated the frequency, timing, and risk factors of venous thromboembolism (VTE) — a potentially life-threatening blood-clot complication — in adult patients diagnosed with diffuse gliomas, a major category of brain tumors. Researchers retrospectively analyzed 147 glioma patients treated at a Brazilian quaternary neuro-oncology center from 2018 to 2023, and complemented this with a PRISMA-based systematic review of eight observational cohort studies published since 2015, covering a combined 7,779 patients. In the local cohort, VTE occurred in 3.4% of patients overall, with the highest burden falling on those with IDH-wild-type glioblastoma; all five clotting events were diagnosed within six months of neurosurgery. The broader systematic review revealed that VTE incidence ranges from 6.2% to 31% in grade 4 gliomas and from 1.4% to 5.2% in grades 2 and 3, with deep-vein thrombosis accounting for 60% of events, and 30-day mortality after VTE reaching as high as 15%. Poor performance status, surgery lasting more than four hours, and bevacizumab treatment were identified as significant risk-amplifying factors, while IDH mutation was associated with approximately 70% lower VTE risk. The authors conclude that large, prospective, molecularly annotated multicenter glioma cohorts are urgently needed to refine clot-risk stratification and to design effective prophylactic strategies for this vulnerable patient population.
Neurosurgical review
Source →