Vulva & Vagina

C51-C52WHO Vol. 4

Female Reproductive System

Prognosis

This section is being prepared by our editorial process.

🔬 Histological Types

📚 Latest Research

2026-09-07

Incidence, survival, and symptoms at recurrence among vulvar cancer patients treated with curative intent: a population-based cohort study.

Krog L, et al

A nationwide Danish population-based cohort study of 800 vulvar squamous cell carcinoma patients found that five-year overall survival plummeted from 73.3% (95% CI 69.9–76.3) after primary diagnosis to just 38.2% (95% CI 31.5–44.9) following first recurrence, underscoring the life-threatening impact of disease relapse. The cumulative incidence of first recurrence reached 19.2% (95% CI 16.6–22.1) at 24 months and 35.0% (95% CI 31.3–38.8) at 120 months, with more than half of recurrences (58.9%, n=149) being isolated local relapses, which carried a comparatively more favorable five-year post-recurrence survival of 49.8% (95% CI 40.1–58.7). The study also characterized symptoms preceding first recurrence, highlighting the need for improved patient education to support early detection, particularly given the challenges of self-examination in this anatomical region.

American journal of obstetrics and gynecology

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2026-09-03

Robotic-Assisted Early Repair of Vesicovaginal Fistula in a Colon Cancer Patient: A Case Report and Surgical Technique Video.

Patel DS, et al

A multidisciplinary robotic-assisted repair of vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) performed just 6 weeks after oncologic surgery in a colon cancer patient resulted in successful fistula closure with no recurrence at 2 years, allowing timely initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy. The transperitoneal extravesical procedure, involving excision of the fistula tract, layered closure, and omental flap interposition, was completed without intraoperative complications in 4 hours and 8 minutes with an estimated blood loss of 200 mL. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 3, and follow-up cystoscopy confirmed complete closure. This case demonstrates that early robotic VVF repair is technically feasible in carefully selected cancer patients who require prompt resumption of oncologic treatment.

International urogynecology journal

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2026-09-02

Immunogenicity and safety of prophylactic HPV vaccines in people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Senel B, et al

A systematic review and meta-analysis of 25 studies (12 included in quantitative synthesis, N = 1,493 for HPV16) found that prophylactic HPV vaccines achieve high pooled seroconversion rates in people living with HIV, reaching 97.8% (95% CI: 94.9–99.1%) for HPV16, 94.2% (95% CI: 86.1–97.7%) for HPV18, 97.0% (95% CI: 93.7–98.6%) for HPV6, and 97.1% (95% CI: 90.5–99.1%) for HPV11. CD4 cell count was the most important modifier of vaccine response, with HPV16 seroconversion at 98.5% in individuals with CD4 above 350 cells/μL versus only 71.1% in those with CD4 at or below 200 cells/μL, underscoring the critical importance of vaccination before severe immunosuppression develops. No vaccine-related serious adverse events were reported across any vaccine generation, and two doses of the nonavalent vaccine were non-inferior to three doses in virologically suppressed women. These findings provide strong evidence supporting international recommendations for HPV vaccination in all people living with HIV.

Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics

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