Urethra

C68WHO Vol. 8

Urinary Tract

Prognosis

This section is being prepared by our editorial process.

🔬 Histological Types

📚 Latest Research

2026-09-03

Recurrent Perineal Urethral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Multidisciplinary Approach.

Farzat M, et al

A multidisciplinary surgical team achieved complete tumour clearance (R0 resection) in a 56-year-old male with extensive perineal recurrence of urethral squamous cell carcinoma following radical penectomy, using robot-assisted radical cystoprostatovesicourethrectomy with en bloc perineal tumour excision, bilateral pelvic and salvage inguinal lymphadenectomy with ICG-guided lymphangiography, urinary and stool diversion, and delayed perineal reconstruction with a pedicled gracilis muscle flap. The patient, who had originally been diagnosed with pT2 pN0 G2 primary urethral SCC in 2013 and presented with perineal recurrence in April 2021, remained oncologically and functionally disease-free through a 5-year follow-up (last CT March 2026). This case demonstrates that aggressive, staged surgical intervention integrating minimally invasive robotic techniques and complex reconstruction can achieve durable local control in otherwise unresectable recurrent urethral SCC, underscoring the critical role of coordinated urology, visceral surgery, reconstructive surgery, and radiology expertise.

Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE

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2026-09-01

De Novo and Postradiation Adenocarcinoma of the Urethra: A Clinicopathologic and Radiologic Study of 55 Cases.

Zhang M, et al

A clinicopathologic and radiologic study of 55 patients with primary urethral adenocarcinoma identified two distinct disease subtypes — de novo adenocarcinoma (n=45) and postradiation adenocarcinoma (n=10) — with a mean disease-specific survival of 100.35 months and similar Kaplan-Meier survival patterns between both groups. The de novo group showed a female predominance with a female-to-male ratio of 1.8:1.0, and 17 of these female patients developed tumors within a urethral diverticulum, while postradiation cases arose a mean of 15.6 years (range: 8–25 years) after radiation therapy for prostatic adenocarcinoma, with 8 of 10 having undergone brachytherapy. Histologically, tumors displayed a spectrum of morphologies including clear cell, mucinous, enteric, and adenoid cystic carcinoma patterns, and sarcomatoid progression occurred in 2 de novo and 3 postradiation cases. These findings delineate the clinicopathologic spectrum of this rare malignancy and underscore the need for long-term urethral surveillance in patients who have previously received pelvic radiation.

The American journal of surgical pathology

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2026-08-21

Primary malignant melanoma of the female urethra: a case report and literature review.

Xie J, et al

A case report from Gansu Provincial Hospital documents a successful individualized surgical approach for primary malignant melanoma of the female urethra, an extremely rare and aggressive mucosal malignancy, in an 81-year-old Chinese patient who presented with a black mass at the external urethral meatus and urinary incontinence of two months' duration. Imaging confirmed no distant metastasis at presentation, and the patient underwent radical resection of the urethral mass combined concurrently with retropubic urethropexy to compensate for significant urethral shortening and preserve postoperative urinary continence. Postoperative pathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of malignant melanoma, and short-term follow-up showed no tumor recurrence with satisfactory recovery of urinary function, even though the patient declined adjuvant targeted therapy. This case underscores the importance of individualized, multifunction-preserving surgical strategies and heightened clinical awareness to facilitate early diagnosis in this rare malignancy known for its propensity for early metastasis and generally poor prognosis.

The Canadian journal of urology

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