Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPN)

D45, D47, C92.1WHO Vol. 11 (2024)

Haematolymphoid System

Prognosis

This section is being prepared by our editorial process.

🔬 Histological Types

📚 Latest Research

2026-09-10

Tumor resistance to protein kinase inhibitors.

Sengar MS, et al

A comprehensive review finds that cancer cells rapidly develop resistance to protein kinase inhibitors (PKIs) such as imatinib and osimertinib through genetic mutations that block or eliminate drug-binding sites — most notably the BCR::ABL1 T315I mutation relevant to myeloproliferative neoplasms and the EGFR T790M mutation in lung cancer. These resistance mechanisms have driven the iterative design of second- and third-generation inhibitor therapies intended to overcome each successive barrier. Emerging technologies including single-cell sequencing, CRISPR screens, and liquid biopsies now offer clinicians more precise tools to detect and combat resistance in real time. The authors also stress that equitable access to these therapies, reduced drug costs, and international collaboration are essential for translating scientific advances into meaningful patient outcomes.

Journal of chemotherapy (Florence, Italy)

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2026-09-08

Anesthetic Management of Two Pregnant Patients With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Two Case Reports.

Hamilton J, et al

Two pregnant patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) underwent individualized anesthetic management based on disease status, and both achieved uncomplicated deliveries with molecular remission confirmed at 1-year follow-up. Systemic analgesia was selected for the patient experiencing molecular relapse — where occult circulating blasts could not be excluded — while spinal anesthesia was safely performed in the patient in deep molecular remission whose comorbidities made general anesthesia higher risk. These two case reports demonstrate that neuraxial anesthesia need not be universally avoided in CML and that the presence or absence of circulating blasts should guide anesthetic decision-making. The findings offer practical clinical guidance for an under-evidenced and high-risk scenario at the intersection of oncology and obstetric anesthesia.

A&A practice

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2026-09-06

Treatment-Free Remission in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Toward Precision and Personalized Approaches to Functional Cure.

Ureshino H, et al

A comprehensive review published in Cancer Science proposes that treatment-free remission (TFR) — the maintenance of molecular remission without resuming therapy after tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) discontinuation, representing functional cure in chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML-CP) — is governed by the dynamic balance between residual leukemic stem cells (LSCs) and coordinated host immune surveillance, rather than any single factor. Natural killer (NK) cells show the most consistent associations with successful TFR, while KIR-HLA immunogenetics, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, regulatory T cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and neutrophil dynamics are also implicated in residual disease control. Persistent LSCs exploit BCR::ABL1-independent survival programs and the protective bone marrow niche as a reservoir for molecular relapse, underscoring why no single biomarker suffices. The authors call for integrated, multidimensional models combining clinical variables, molecular residual disease, immune competence, and LSC biology to transition from empiric TKI discontinuation toward precision, biomarker-guided TFR strategies that could extend durable functional cure to a broader CML patient population.

Cancer science

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