Latest Research
All publications from the Cancer3.AI database, newest first.
Glypican-3 Upregulated by YTHDF1 in an m6A-Dependent Manner Interacts With MUL1 to Repress HSF1 Ubiquitination Degradation, Boost CD276 Transcription, and Mediate Immune Escape in Gastric Cancer.
Li D, et al
Researchers investigated how gastric cancer cells evade destruction by the immune system, focusing on a protein called Glypican-3 (GPC3) and its role in suppressing anti-tumor immune responses. The study found that GPC3 is highly expressed in gastric cancer tissue and is linked to poor patient prognosis, with its levels boosted by an RNA-modifying protein called YTHDF1 through a chemical modification known as m6A methylation that enhances GPC3 production. Mechanistically, GPC3 was shown to interact with a protein called MUL1, preventing it from tagging the heat shock factor HSF1 for cellular degradation, which in turn allows HSF1 to ramp up production of the immune checkpoint molecule CD276 that silences cancer-killing CD8+ T cells. This chain of molecular events — YTHDF1 driving GPC3, GPC3 stabilizing HSF1 via MUL1, and HSF1 activating CD276 — collectively enables gastric cancer to hide from the immune system. Experiments in cell co-culture systems and mouse models confirmed that targeting GPC3 and CD276 with monoclonal antibodies restored immune cell activity and suppressed tumor growth. These findings identify the YTHDF1/GPC3/MUL1/HSF1/CD276 axis as a promising therapeutic target for improving immunotherapy outcomes in gastric cancer patients.
FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
Source →Treatment and outcomes of pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma: A multicenter analysis of 186 patients.
Suzuki K, et al
Researchers conducted a multicenter study examining the characteristics, treatment approaches, and outcomes of pulmonary MALT lymphoma — a rare, slow-growing form of lymphoma affecting the lungs — in 186 patients diagnosed between 2013 and 2022. The disease was staged using a modified Ann Arbor system, with 70% of patients having localized (stage IE/IIE) disease and 30% having advanced (stage IV) disease. Overall survival was excellent across all stages, with four-year survival rates of 96%, 92%, and 90% for stage IE, IIE, and IV patients respectively, regardless of which first-line treatment was used — including watchful waiting without active therapy. However, patients with stage IIE and stage IV disease experienced significantly shorter progression-free survival compared to those with stage IE disease, suggesting their cancer was more likely to progress or return. These findings confirm that pulmonary MALT lymphoma carries a favorable prognosis overall, while also identifying higher-stage patients as a group that may benefit from new and improved treatment strategies.
Cancer
Source →Preclinical circulating tumor DNA shedding duration and prognostic implications of modeling 3669 patients with cancer in the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study-3 and Circulating Cell-Free Genome Atlas Substudy 3.
Hubbell E, et al
A new study published in Cancer analyzed blood samples from 3,669 patients across two large biobank studies to estimate how long circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) — tiny fragments of DNA shed by tumors into the bloodstream — can be detected before a cancer is clinically diagnosed. Using Bayesian statistical models, researchers found that the median window during which ctDNA is detectable ranges from about 0.49 years for pancreatic cancer to 2.45 years for lymphoma, with overall median sojourn times of roughly 0.75 to 1.2 years depending on the stage at diagnosis. Importantly, patients whose ctDNA was detectable at the time of clinical diagnosis faced nearly twice the risk of death compared to those who tested ctDNA-negative, underscoring that ctDNA status carries meaningful prognostic information. These findings are critical for the design of multicancer early detection screening programs, as they help define realistic timeframes within which blood-based tests could feasibly catch cancers before symptoms appear. For patients and clinicians, this work suggests that regular ctDNA screening at intervals of less than one year may be necessary to intercept many cancer types at an earlier, more treatable stage.
Cancer
Source →Gamma knife radiosurgery in pediatric neuro-oncology: histology-specific outcomes and age-adapted procedural strategies.
Lee JS, et al
A retrospective study analyzed 139 Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) procedures performed in 108 pediatric patients aged 3 to 18 years with brain tumors over a 22-year period from 2002 to 2024, assessing clinical, radiological, dosimetric, and anesthetic outcomes. The results showed that tumor histology was the strongest predictor of outcome: benign and low-grade tumors achieved durable local control with five-year progression-free survival exceeding 70%, while pediatric diffuse high-grade gliomas fared extremely poorly, with a median progression-free survival of only 2.6 months and 100% mortality. Craniopharyngiomas presented an intermediate profile, with a high recurrence rate of 48% but a prolonged time to treatment failure averaging 35.8 months and a low mortality rate of 8%, suggesting meaningful disease palliation with GKRS. From a procedural standpoint, frameless mask fixation was feasible from age 6, frame-based fixation from age 12, and general anesthesia was required in approximately 26% of cases, predominantly in younger or uncooperative patients. These findings underscore the critical importance of histology-based patient selection and support the integration of GKRS into multimodal treatment strategies for pediatric brain tumors, with age-adapted procedural approaches enabling safe application across the pediatric age spectrum.
Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery
Source →Amyloidogenic pituitary prolactinoma.
Velayutham B, et al
Researchers from India report a rare case of an amyloidogenic pituitary prolactinoma in a 29-year-old man who presented with headache and right-sided visual impairment caused by bilateral optic atrophy. Imaging revealed a multilobulated, contrast-enhancing tumor in the sellar and suprasellar region, and hormonal testing confirmed massively elevated prolactin levels at 12,800 ng/mL — more than 2,500 times the upper limit of normal. The tumor was surgically removed via a transsphenoidal approach, and histological analysis uncovered the defining unusual feature: spheroid amyloid deposits located directly adjacent to prolactin-secreting adenoma cells. Amyloid deposition within pituitary adenomas is an exceptionally rare phenomenon, and this case contributes valuable morphological documentation to a very limited body of literature on the subject. The patient recovered from surgery without complications, highlighting that even large, atypical prolactinomas can be treated successfully. Clinicians and pathologists should be aware that pituitary tumors may harbor unexpected amyloid deposits, which can influence histological interpretation and differential diagnosis.
Indian journal of pathology & microbiology
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