Latest Research
All publications from the Cancer3.AI database, newest first.
Burden, Trends and Projection of Lip and Oral Cavity Cancer in Central, Eastern and Western Europe: From the Global Burden of Disease 2023 Study.
Mehta V, et al
A new study using Global Burden of Disease 2023 data examined trends in lip and oral cavity cancer (LOCC) incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years across Central, Eastern, and Western Europe from 1990 to 2023, with projections through 2033 generated using ARIMA time-series models. The findings reveal a stark East-West divide: Western Europe successfully reduced its age-standardized death rates (AAPC: -1.08%) and disability rates (AAPC: -1.41%) over the study period, reflecting the impact of effective public health measures. In contrast, Central and Eastern Europe experienced rising incidence rates and increasing alcohol-attributable mortality, with Russia and Hungary recording the highest male disability burden at 207 DALYs per 100,000 population. Projections indicate this disparity will widen by 2033, with Eastern Europe's prevalence expected to climb to 18.12 per 100,000 while Central Europe's incidence is forecast to fall to 4.65 per 100,000. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted cancer prevention strategies in Eastern and Central Europe, particularly policies addressing alcohol and tobacco consumption as the primary modifiable risk factors.
International dental journal
Source →Outcomes of folded submental flap reconstruction for full-thickness cheek defects in advanced oral cavity cancer.
Chen C, et al
A surgical team at a single tertiary care center in Poland evaluated the folded submental flap — a tissue flap harvested from beneath the chin and jaw — as a reconstructive solution for full-thickness cheek defects caused by advanced oral cavity cancer, studying eight male patients treated between January 2017 and September 2024. This technique was investigated as a resource-efficient alternative to free flap surgery, which is considered the gold standard but demands specialized microsurgical expertise and considerable hospital infrastructure. All eight reconstructions were successful, with no cases of flap loss or donor-site complications, and only two minor complications — salivary leakage and wound dehiscence — that resolved without lasting effects. Functionally, every patient resumed oral feeding before hospital discharge, seven retained clear speech and full mouth opening, and aesthetic satisfaction scores were high, ranging from 8.1 to 9 out of 10 across all five evaluated parameters. At a mean follow-up of nearly two years, six patients remained disease-free, suggesting the approach does not compromise oncological safety. These findings support the folded submental flap as a reliable, effective, and aesthetically favorable reconstructive option for selected oral cavity cancer patients, especially in healthcare settings where free flap microsurgery is not readily available.
Auris, nasus, larynx
Source →YAP1 defines an emergent, plastic population of relapsed small cell lung cancer.
Stewart CA, et al
This study investigated the molecular basis of treatment resistance in small cell lung cancer (SCLC), an aggressive form of lung cancer notorious for its rapid development of chemotherapy resistance and poor survival rates. Researchers analyzed circulating tumor DNA, circulating tumor cells, and tumor biopsies from SCLC patients and preclinical models after resistance to standard chemotherapy had developed, focusing on the protein YAP1, which was previously thought to define a distinct SCLC subtype. Strikingly, while YAP1 is virtually absent in untreated SCLC tumors, a distinct YAP1-positive cell population was found to emerge specifically at the time of treatment resistance, exhibiting hallmarks of so-called drug tolerant persister cells, including stemness, cellular senescence, and remarkable plasticity. These YAP1-positive cells undergo a striking identity shift, abandoning features of SCLC and adopting those of large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC), in the process losing surface targets currently exploited by SCLC therapies such as DLL3 and SEZ6, while becoming enriched for alternative targets including B7-H3 and TROP2. These findings reveal a clinically important mechanism by which SCLC evades treatment and suggest that therapies targeting B7-H3 or TROP2 may be particularly relevant for patients with relapsed, YAP1-positive disease.
Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer
Source →Pretemporal Medial Transcavernous Approach for Total Resection of a Pure Intraventricular Craniopharyngioma: Operative Technique and Surgical Nuances: 2-Dimensional Operative Video.
Kayssi AR, et al
This publication presents a detailed operative technique video demonstrating the pretemporal medial transcavernous approach for achieving complete surgical removal of a pure intraventricular craniopharyngioma. Craniopharyngiomas are rare, benign but clinically challenging brain tumors arising in the sellar region that can cause severe hormonal, visual, and cognitive deficits when they invade surrounding structures. The pretemporal transcavernous corridor provides a direct anatomical route to tumors situated entirely within the ventricular system, minimizing unnecessary brain retraction and reducing the risk of injury to critical neurovascular structures. The operative video highlights key surgical nuances—including patient positioning, dural opening strategy, and intraventricular dissection techniques—that are essential for achieving gross total resection safely. Complete tumor removal is the primary goal in craniopharyngioma surgery because residual disease is strongly associated with recurrence and long-term morbidity. This technical report offers practical, step-by-step guidance that can help neurosurgeons plan and execute resections of this rare and difficult tumor location more effectively.
Operative neurosurgery (Hagerstown, Md.)
Source →A novel pathogenic AIP variant associated with familial isolated pituitary adenoma.
Marino Picciola V, et al
Researchers investigated a novel genetic variant in the AIP gene within a Sardinian family affected by Familial Isolated Pituitary Adenoma (FIPA), a rare hereditary condition that predisposes individuals to pituitary tumors. The study identified a previously unreported heterozygous deletion, c.479del, causing a frameshift mutation and a premature stop codon that produces a truncated AIP protein lacking three critical tetratricopeptide repeat domains essential for tumor suppressor function. The variant was detected in the 17-year-old proband — who had an invasive prolactin-secreting pituitary tumor successfully managed with cabergoline — and in six relatives, one of whom suffered an aggressive growth hormone-secreting tumor requiring multiple treatments, while the remaining carriers showed no clinical symptoms. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor tissue confirmed markedly reduced AIP protein expression, supporting the variant's formal classification as pathogenic according to established guidelines. These findings expand the known spectrum of AIP-related FIPA variants and highlight striking intra-familial variability in disease severity, ranging from asymptomatic carriers to aggressive malignancies. The authors emphasize that early genetic screening and ongoing surveillance are essential for timely diagnosis and personalized clinical management of at-risk family members.
Pituitary
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