Latest Research
All publications from the Cancer3.AI database, newest first.
Male Breast Carcinoma Metastatic to the Choroid: A Case Report and Opinions of Management.
Fu W, et al
Researchers report a rare case of male breast cancer that spread to the choroid — the vascular layer at the back of the eye — in a 45-year-old Chinese patient who developed visual impairment six years after his initial breast cancer surgery. Imaging and biopsy confirmed metastases in multiple organs including the lungs, bones, and eye, with hormone receptor-positive (ER+/PR+/HER2-) disease. After standard salvage chemotherapy regimens provided only partial control, the patient was treated with the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib combined with the hormone-blocking drug fulvestrant, which produced a notably good response in the choroidal metastasis. This case highlights that CDK4/6 inhibitor-based endocrine therapy may be an effective option for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer patients who develop this rare form of eye involvement. Clinicians are urged not to overlook routine eye examinations in breast cancer patients, as choroidal metastasis can be an early sign of systemic disease progression.
Cancer management and research
Source →Glioma targeted therapy: insight into future of molecular approaches.
Yang K, et al
Researchers reviewed the current landscape and future directions of targeted therapies for gliomas, the most common type of brain tumor arising from glial cells. The review examined treatment strategies across glioma subtypes as classified by the 2021 WHO CNS5 guidelines, with a particular focus on glioblastoma, the most aggressive form, for which standard care remains surgical resection followed by radiotherapy and temozolomide chemotherapy. The authors found that classical molecular targets such as p53, the retinoblastoma pathway, and EGFR have largely failed in clinical settings due to the complexity of tumor regulatory networks. Growing evidence points to immunotherapy approaches — including immune checkpoint inhibitors, tumor-associated macrophages, dendritic cell vaccines, and CAR-T cell therapy — as well as manipulation of the tumor microenvironment, as more promising avenues. The review also highlights the urgent need for validated biomarkers to guide personalized treatment decisions and calls for expanded pre-clinical and clinical trials to move these strategies toward routine patient care.
Molecular cancer
Source →High-grade glioma with pleomorphic and pseudopapillary features (HPAP): a proposed type of circumscribed glioma in adults harboring frequent TP53 mutations and recurrent monosomy 13.
Pratt D, et al
Researchers have identified and characterized a previously unknown type of brain tumor in adults, which they propose calling high-grade glioma with pleomorphic and pseudopapillary features (HPAP). By analyzing DNA methylation patterns across approximately 14,000 central nervous system tumor samples, the team discovered 31 cases that cluster together as a molecularly distinct entity, separate from all known brain tumor types. The tumors share visual similarities with several established glioma subtypes but carry a unique combination of genetic changes, most notably TP53 mutations in 57% of cases and loss of chromosome 13 in 90% of cases, a combination not previously described as a defining feature of any recognized tumor class. Despite showing high-grade microscopic features that would typically suggest an aggressive course, patients with HPAP survived significantly longer than those with glioblastoma, the most common and lethal adult brain tumor. These findings matter clinically because correctly identifying HPAP as a distinct entity — rather than misclassifying it as glioblastoma — could spare patients from unnecessarily aggressive treatment and improve prognostic accuracy. The study highlights the power of integrated molecular diagnostics in refining brain tumor classification beyond what microscopy alone can achieve.
Acta neuropathologica
Source →Carcinoma male breast with tracheal and endobronchial metastasis, masquerading as nonsmall-cell lung cancer, presenting with superior vena cava obstruction - A rare case report.
Srivastava A, et al
Researchers report an exceptionally rare case of male breast cancer that spread to the trachea and bronchi, initially misidentified as non-small-cell lung cancer in a 60-year-old man. The patient presented with shortness of breath and superior vena cava obstruction, a serious condition caused by compression of the major vein returning blood to the heart. After thorough evaluation including biopsy, clinicians confirmed that the true source of the cancer was the breast, not the lung, making this the first documented case of male breast carcinoma presenting with upfront tracheal and endobronchial metastasis alongside superior vena cava obstruction. This distinction is critically important because treatment strategies for breast cancer differ substantially from those used for lung cancer, and selecting the wrong treatment pathway could significantly harm the patient. The case highlights the need for clinicians to consider rare primary cancer sites, including male breast cancer, when evaluating patients with endobronchial lesions and vascular obstruction syndromes.
Journal of cancer research and therapeutics
Source →ERG Immunoreactivity in Blastic Hematolymphoid Neoplasms: Diagnostic Pitfall in the Workup of Undifferentiated Malignant Neoplasms.
Koo M, et al
Researchers investigated whether a protein marker called ERG could help identify immature blood cancers, particularly in cases where tumors appear outside the bone marrow and are difficult to classify. The study examined 207 blood cancer samples and 39 benign blood tissue samples using immunohistochemistry, a technique that detects specific proteins in tissue. ERG staining was positive in 94% of acute myeloid leukemias and myeloid sarcomas, all cases of B- and T-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma, all cases of hematogone hyperplasia, and all cases of systemic mastocytosis, while remaining negative in 148 mature lymphomas and other mature blood cancers. Importantly, ERG positivity was detected even in some leukemias that lacked the standard markers CD34 and CD117, which are routinely used for diagnosis. These findings warn pathologists that ERG reactivity in undifferentiated tumors should not be misinterpreted as evidence of vascular or other non-blood-cancer origins, as ERG is already known as a marker in prostate cancer and vascular tumors. Clinicians and pathologists must be aware of this diagnostic pitfall to avoid misclassifying aggressive blood cancers, which could lead to incorrect treatment decisions.
Applied immunohistochemistry & molecular morphology : AIMM
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