Latest Research
All publications from the Cancer3.AI database, newest first.
Effectiveness and safety of ERCP using the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy algorithm for biliary cannulation: a prospective study.
Archibugi L, et al
A prospective multicenter study conducted across 11 Italian centers evaluated whether adherence to the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) stepwise algorithm for biliary cannulation during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) improves clinical outcomes in patients with a naïve papilla. Among 1,435 enrolled patients, 75.7% of procedures followed the ESGE algorithm, and these cases achieved a dramatically higher biliary cannulation success rate of 98.6% compared to 78.8% in non-adherent cases, while also requiring significantly shorter procedure times (median 21 vs. 35 minutes). Even in difficult cannulation scenarios, adherence to the algorithm maintained superior success rates, and multivariate analysis confirmed that algorithm adherence, prone patient positioning, ERCP difficulty grade, and use of a short guidewire were independently associated with successful cannulation. Importantly, moderate-to-severe post-ERCP pancreatitis and perforation were less frequent when the algorithm was followed, suggesting a meaningful safety advantage. These findings provide the first large-scale real-world validation that the ESGE biliary cannulation algorithm is both feasible and beneficial, offering clinicians clear evidence-based guidance for a technically demanding and clinically critical procedure.
Endoscopy
Source →A mouse model of HPV-associated cervicovaginal carcinosarcoma with comparative analysis to human clinical cases.
Murray J, et al
Carcinosarcomas of the gynecologic tract are rare and highly aggressive cancers that combine malignant carcinoma and sarcoma components, and their rarity has severely limited research due to the absence of suitable experimental model systems. Researchers applied an established HPV-driven mouse model under extended observation conditions and, for the first time, observed the spontaneous development of carcinosarcoma-like tumors, a previously unrecognized outcome of this model system. To validate their findings, the team also described eight new human clinical cases of HPV-associated carcinosarcoma of the uterine cervix and vagina, enabling a detailed comparative analysis. The mouse tumors closely recapitulated human tumors in histological morphology, immunohistochemical marker profiles, and HPV expression patterns across both the carcinomatous and sarcomatous tumor components. The detection of high-risk oncogenic HPV in both components of human and mouse tumors supports the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition theory, suggesting these cancers evolve from conventional HPV-driven lesions rather than arising independently. This new validated model provides a critical experimental platform for uncovering the mechanisms driving HPV-associated carcinosarcoma and for identifying potential therapeutic targets for patients affected by this devastating disease.
Cell & bioscience
Source →Unveiling karyoskeletal dynamics in chromatin organization and gene regulation in haematopoietic cell physiology and pathology.
Kamran M, et al
A comprehensive review published in Open Biology examines the emerging role of karyoskeletal proteins — especially nuclear actin and its associated scaffolding networks — in regulating chromatin organization and gene expression within blood-forming haematopoietic cells. These structural proteins were found to influence a wide range of critical nuclear processes, including transcription, three-dimensional genome architecture, DNA repair, and polycomb-mediated gene silencing, all of which govern blood cell identity and the commitment of stem cells to specific blood lineages. The review synthesizes growing evidence that dysregulation of these nuclear structural components contributes directly to the development of haematological malignancies, including leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. The authors highlight newly discovered connections between nuclear actin, epigenetic regulation, and the maintenance of haematopoietic stem cell identity in both healthy and cancerous contexts. These insights position karyoskeletal proteins as pivotal molecular actors whose dysfunction underlies blood cancers, potentially opening new avenues for targeted therapeutic strategies in haematological disease.
Open biology
Source →Extraocular Extension of Ciliochoroidal Melanoma Mimicking Conjunctival Melanoma.
Botros S, et al
This study published in the journal Ophthalmology examines cases of ciliochoroidal melanoma—a rare intraocular tumor arising from the ciliary body and choroid of the eye—that extended beyond the globe and closely resembled conjunctival melanoma in clinical appearance. The researchers investigated how extraocular spread of this uveal malignancy can mimic conjunctival melanoma, a distinct cancer of the eye's surface membrane that requires different staging, prognostic evaluation, and treatment. Because the two entities can appear visually similar when a ciliochoroidal tumor breaches the sclera and presents as a pigmented mass near the limbus or conjunctiva, there is a real risk of diagnostic confusion. Misclassification carries serious consequences: ciliochoroidal melanoma with extraocular extension is associated with higher risk of systemic metastasis and poorer prognosis than primary conjunctival melanoma, making accurate diagnosis critical for patient survival. The findings urge clinicians to maintain a high index of suspicion for an intraocular origin when evaluating pigmented conjunctival lesions, and to employ thorough imaging and pathological workup before committing to a diagnosis of conjunctival melanoma.
Ophthalmology
Source →Epiplakin expression in non-melanoma skin cancer: associations with epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers and tumor invasion.
Fındık DG, et al
Researchers investigated the role of epiplakin, a cytoskeletal protein from the plakin family, in non-melanoma skin cancers by analyzing tissue specimens from squamous cell carcinomas, basal cell carcinomas, and benign intradermal nevi collected between 2021 and 2025. Using immunohistochemical staining, the team measured epiplakin expression alongside the epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers E-cadherin and N-cadherin, while also performing protein interaction network analyses to map plakin family involvement in cancer pathways. The study found that epiplakin levels were significantly higher in squamous cell carcinomas than in basal cell carcinomas or benign lesions, and that basal cell carcinomas actually showed reduced epiplakin expression compared to normal skin. Epiplakin correlated positively with E-cadherin, suggesting the protein is linked to the maintenance of epithelial cell identity rather than a shift toward invasive, mesenchymal behavior during early tumor progression. Representing the first study to evaluate epiplakin specifically in epithelial skin cancers, these findings suggest that its distinct expression pattern could serve as a useful diagnostic tool to help clinicians differentiate between skin cancer subtypes and better characterize their biological behavior.
Anais brasileiros de dermatologia
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