Conjunctiva

C69.0WHO — Eye Tumours

Eye & Orbit

Prognosis

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🔬 Histological Types

📚 Latest Research

2026-09-01

Global incidence of ocular surface squamous neoplasia and histopathologic subtypes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Sriranganathan A, et al

A systematic review and meta-analysis of 24 studies encompassing 33,615 incident cases found that conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) incidence is highest in Africa at 5.04 per 1,000,000 person-years (95% CI 2.72–9.34), compared to a global pooled estimate of 0.70 per 1,000,000 person-years (95% CI 0.24–1.99), with the lowest rates recorded in Asia at 0.06 per 1,000,000 person-years (95% CI 0.01–0.40). The analysis, covering publications from 1992 to 2025 across all age groups and geographic regions, showed that incidence rose markedly with age — from 1.05 per 1,000,000 person-years in those under 60 to 4.18 per 1,000,000 person-years in those over 60 — and was generally higher in males, while the overall cohort was 52.9% female with a mean age of 57.3 years. The authors conclude that a single reliable global incidence estimate cannot be established due to inconsistent subtype definitions and surveillance methods, and call for standardized, subtype-specific reporting of ocular surface squamous neoplasia worldwide.

The ocular surface

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2026-08-31

Utility of ultrasound biomicroscopy in detecting invasive ocular surface squamous neoplasia.

Rehman O, et al

Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) can predict invasive ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) with 73.3% accuracy, 71.4% sensitivity, and 100% specificity when compared against postoperative histopathological examination as the gold standard. This retrospective single-institution study included 15 patients (mean age 61 ± 12.8 years; 80% male) who underwent preoperative UBM imaging before surgical removal of OSSN lesions. The key UBM criterion for invasion was disruption of the clear plane between the tumour and the sclera, distinguishing non-invasive episcleral from invasive disease. These findings position UBM as a valuable non-invasive adjunctive tool for assessing lesion height, depth, and invasion in OSSN prior to surgery.

Indian journal of ophthalmology

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2026-08-20

Benign and Malignant Conjunctival Lesions in Children.

Pe'er J, et al

A comprehensive review of conjunctival lesions in children confirms that the vast majority are benign, with conjunctival nevi being the most common type encountered in clinical practice. Rare malignant conjunctival tumors in the pediatric population tend to present at an older age and are typically larger than benign lesions. Children with xeroderma pigmentosum represent a uniquely vulnerable subgroup in whom malignant conjunctival tumors can arise at an unusually early age. The review systematically organizes these lesions by tissue of origin, providing clinicians with a practical framework for distinguishing common benign entities from rare malignant ones.

Seminars in ophthalmology

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