Latest Research
All publications from the Cancer3.AI database, newest first.
PLAG-Family Amplified CNS Embryonal Tumour With PLAG1 Immunohistochemical Expression: Expanding the Spectrum of Diagnostic Tools.
d'Amati A, et al
Researchers investigated a rare and aggressive type of brain tumor known as PLAG-family amplified CNS embryonal tumour, focusing on the potential of PLAG1 immunohistochemical (IHC) staining as a diagnostic marker. These tumors, which arise in the central nervous system and primarily affect children, are defined by amplification of genes in the PLAG transcription factor family and can be challenging to diagnose accurately with existing tools. The study demonstrates that PLAG1 protein expression, detectable by routine immunohistochemistry, can serve as a practical surrogate marker to help identify this tumor entity in clinical pathology settings. This finding is significant because IHC is widely available in pathology laboratories worldwide, making it a more accessible diagnostic option compared to advanced molecular testing alone. Expanding the diagnostic toolkit for these rare tumors may help clinicians reach faster and more accurate diagnoses, which is critical for guiding appropriate treatment decisions for affected patients.
Neuropathology and applied neurobiology
Source →2-Mercaptobenzothiazole: MAK Value Documentation, addendum - Translation of the German version from 2022.
Hartwig A
Researchers from the German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area (MAK Commission) conducted a comprehensive toxicological re-evaluation of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), a chemical widely used in rubber manufacturing, agriculture, and metalworking fluids. The critical health effect identified in both humans and animals is sensitization, and MBT is confirmed as a known contact allergen, warranting retention of the skin sensitizer designation. Animal studies revealed suspected carcinogenic potential, with adenomas of the pancreas, preputial glands, and pituitary gland as well as fibromas and phaeochromocytomas observed in rats, though methodological uncertainties prevent definitive conclusions about human cancer risk. Although MBT is not mutagenic in bacteria and genotoxic effects in mammalian cells occur only at cytotoxic concentrations, the compound has been retained in Carcinogen Category 3 for suspected carcinogens and its workplace maximum concentration limit (MAK value) has been suspended. These findings are especially important for workers in the rubber and chemical industries, who should take protective measures to minimize skin contact and inhalation exposure to this substance.
The MAK collection for occupational health and safety
Source →The fifth edition of the WHO classification of mature T cell, NK cell and stroma-derived neoplasms.
Attygalle AD, et al
Researchers have published a comprehensive review of the fifth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Haematolymphoid Tumors, focusing on mature T cell, NK cell, and stroma-derived neoplasms — rare but serious blood cancers affecting immune cells. The updated classification introduces a new hierarchical organizational system and integrates the latest molecular and genetic discoveries to improve diagnostic accuracy for these complex cancers. A key addition is the new category of 'stroma-derived neoplasms of lymphoid tissues,' which brings together mesenchymal tumors of lymph nodes and spleen under one unified framework for the first time. The review also defines the minimal diagnostic criteria needed to identify each cancer type, making the classification more practical for use in hospitals and clinics with limited laboratory resources. These updates are expected to help pathologists and oncologists worldwide achieve more precise diagnoses, which in turn can guide better treatment decisions for patients with these rare malignancies.
Journal of clinical pathology
Source →Multi-Center, Multi-National Outcomes Following Endoscopic Endonasal Resection of Nonfunctional Pituitary Adenomas.
Briggs RG, et al
A large international study evaluated the safety and effectiveness of endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) surgery for nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPA), which are benign tumors of the pituitary gland that can cause vision loss, headaches, and hormonal imbalances. Researchers pooled data from 1,097 patients treated at four major pituitary centers in the United States, Italy, and Austria, making this one of the largest and most geographically diverse analyses of this surgical technique. The study found that complete tumor removal was achieved in 66% of cases, and the vast majority of patients with headaches (81%) or vision problems (89%) experienced meaningful improvement after surgery. Serious complications were rare, with no cases of carotid artery injury, and rates of stroke (0.4%) and death (0.1%) were exceptionally low. Over an average follow-up period of 30 months, fewer than 5% of patients required additional surgery or radiation therapy. These findings provide robust, internationally validated benchmarks confirming that EEA is a safe and effective treatment for NFPA across different healthcare systems, offering important guidance for patients and neurosurgeons worldwide.
Journal of neurological surgery. Part B, Skull base
Source →A rare case of large encapsulated papillary carcinoma of the male breast with a diagnostic challenge: A case report and literature review.
Reta BK, et al
Researchers from an international surgery case reports journal describe an exceptionally rare case of encapsulated papillary carcinoma (EPC) of the breast occurring in a 66-year-old man, a condition that represents less than 2% of all breast cancers and is even rarer in males. The patient presented with a large, predominantly cystic breast mass measuring over 10 cm that had been present for three years, posing a significant diagnostic challenge because the initial fluid aspiration returned a non-diagnostic hemorrhagic sample. A subsequent ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) targeting the small solid component within the cyst successfully identified the papillary lesion, leading to a simple mastectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy that confirmed EPC with no lymph node involvement. Histopathological analysis, including myoepithelial marker staining, classified the tumor as a form of ductal carcinoma in situ, which carries an excellent prognosis due to its low tendency to spread locally or to distant sites. The case underscores an important clinical lesson: when men present with large cystic breast masses, EPC must be included in the differential diagnosis, and ultrasound-guided sampling of any solid focus is essential to avoid false-negative results. This report contributes to the limited literature on male EPC and reinforces best-practice guidance for accurate diagnosis and appropriate surgical management.
International journal of surgery case reports
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