Latest Research
All publications from the Cancer3.AI database, newest first.
An Uncommon Presentation Severe Hypercalcemia Linked to Cystic Parathyroid Adenoma Despite Negative Sestamibi Scan: A Case Report.
Acharya S, et al
Researchers from Nepal report a rare case of a cystic parathyroid adenoma in an elderly male patient who initially presented to the emergency department with a swollen left neck and breathing difficulties caused by a large thyroid cyst. Incidental blood tests revealed dangerously high calcium levels, pointing to a condition called primary hyperparathyroidism. Notably, a standard sestamibi nuclear scan — the usual imaging tool for detecting overactive parathyroid tissue — returned a negative result, illustrating a well-known limitation of this technique for cystic variants of the disease. Surgeons performed a right hemithyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy, and laboratory analysis of the removed tissue confirmed a cystic parathyroid adenoma; calcium levels normalized after surgery. The case is particularly challenging because the extremely elevated parathyroid hormone levels initially suggested the possibility of parathyroid cancer, underscoring the diagnostic difficulty clinicians face when sestamibi imaging fails to locate the culprit gland. This report highlights the importance of maintaining a high clinical suspicion for cystic parathyroid adenoma even when standard imaging is negative, and of carefully distinguishing this benign condition from malignancy.
JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association
Source →Submucosal Tunnelling Endoscopic Resection for Oesophageal Duplication Cyst: A Case Report.
Deshidi S, et al
Researchers from the Middle East report a successful case of submucosal tunnelling endoscopic resection (STER) used to treat an oesophageal duplication cyst, a rare congenital abnormality of the digestive tract. A 40-year-old man presented with three months of difficulty swallowing solid foods, and imaging via endoscopic ultrasound revealed a large 4×6.5 cm fluid-filled cyst located in the wall of the oesophagus. The cyst was completely removed using STER, a minimally invasive endoscopic technique that accesses and removes lesions through a tunnel created beneath the inner lining of the oesophagus, avoiding the need for open surgery. The procedure was performed successfully under general anaesthesia with no reported complications, demonstrating that STER is both feasible and effective for this type of lesion. This case adds to growing evidence that advanced endoscopic methods can serve as safe, less invasive alternatives to conventional surgical resection for selected patients with oesophageal duplication cysts.
Middle East journal of digestive diseases
Source →Pediatric-Type Diffuse Low-Grade Gliomas: A Subgroup Defined by Peculiar Molecular Features and Distinct Prognostic Outcomes.
Javed A
A new review published in Cureus examines a recently defined subgroup of brain tumors known as pediatric-type diffuse low-grade gliomas, as classified by the 2021 WHO Classification of Central Nervous System Tumors. The subgroup encompasses four distinct tumor entities characterized by unique molecular alterations: diffuse astrocytoma with MYB or MYBL1 alterations, angiocentric glioma, polymorphous low-grade neuroepithelial tumor of the young, and diffuse low-grade glioma with MAPK pathway alterations. Although these tumors display partially infiltrative behavior, they carry a more favorable prognosis than adult-type diffuse gliomas, making accurate molecular diagnosis critical to avoid unnecessary aggressive treatment. The review also covers conventional treatment approaches such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, noting that surgical resection can be curative for small, accessible tumors, while deeper or more infiltrative cases face higher recurrence risk after incomplete removal. Emerging targeted therapies, including FDA-approved agents and ongoing clinical trials directed at specific molecular pathways, offer new hope for patients whose tumors are not amenable to complete resection. Understanding the distinct clinicopathological and molecular profile of this glioma subgroup is essential for clinicians to deliver precise, personalized care to affected patients.
Cureus
Source →NKX3.1 Expression in Male Breast Carcinoma: The Phantom Menace.
Sharma A, et al
Researchers from a North Indian tertiary-care oncology institute conducted the first known study to simultaneously evaluate androgen receptor (AR) and NKX3.1 protein expression in male breast cancer, a rare disease accounting for just 1.2% of all breast cancer cases at their center. The study reviewed 57 male breast cancer patients diagnosed between 2020 and 2024, with a median age of 61 years, using immunohistochemistry to detect these molecular markers. AR was expressed in 83% of tumors, consistent with the known hormonal nature of male breast cancer, while NKX3.1 — an androgen-regulated gene previously studied mainly in prostate cancer — was detected in 23% of cases, predominantly in aggressive grade 3 luminal B tumors. Crucially, every NKX3.1-positive tumor also expressed AR, suggesting a biological link between these two proteins in male breast cancer similar to what is observed in prostate cancer. AR expression was also associated with longer symptom duration and specific molecular subtypes, hinting at distinct biological behavior. These findings open new avenues for investigating NKX3.1 as a marker of tumor stemness and a potential therapeutic target in male breast cancer.
International journal of surgical pathology
Source →Absorbed Dose and Image Quality of X-Ray Diagnostics in Composite and Amalgam Dental Restorations.
Ahmed H, et al
A new study published in the Journal of Medical Physics examined how dental X-rays interact with two common filling materials — composite and amalgam — focusing on the radiation dose absorbed by each material and the resulting image quality. Researchers exposed both types of fillings to low-dose ionizing radiation at varying kilovolt peak (kVp) settings ranging from 40 to 70 kVp, measuring absorbed doses between 0.45 mGy and 1.38 mGy and optical density values between 0.13 and 0.33. The findings revealed that the choice of dental filling material significantly influences how much radiation is absorbed and scattered during imaging, which in turn affects the clarity of the diagnostic image. Importantly, the study underscores that elevated ionizing radiation doses carry potential cancer risks to the surrounding oral tissues and organs, even at the relatively low doses used in dental diagnostics. The authors recommend that healthcare professionals carefully select filling materials and fine-tune imaging parameters — particularly kVp settings — to keep radiation exposure as low as reasonably achievable without sacrificing diagnostic quality. These results offer practical guidance for dentists and radiologists seeking to balance patient safety with accurate diagnosis.
Journal of medical physics
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