Latest Research
All publications from the Cancer3.AI database, newest first.
Effect of adjuvant endocrine therapy on recurrence and contralateral breast cancer in HR-positive DCIS after mastectomy.
Yoon T, et al
A new multicenter study from South Korea examined whether adjuvant endocrine therapy — hormone-blocking treatment given after surgery — provides meaningful benefits for patients with hormone receptor-positive ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) who underwent mastectomy, a question that has long remained unresolved. Researchers analyzed data from 1,186 patients treated across three cancer centers between 2003 and 2018, comparing outcomes in those who received endocrine therapy versus those who did not. The results showed that patients receiving endocrine therapy had significantly lower overall recurrence rates (7.0% vs. 11.7%) and reduced locoregional recurrence (2.5% vs. 4.8%), with the protective effect persisting beyond ten years of follow-up. Endocrine therapy was also associated with a statistically significant reduction in contralateral breast cancer — cancer developing in the opposite breast — in multivariable analyses, even though the raw rate difference did not reach significance on its own. These findings support the selective use of adjuvant endocrine therapy after mastectomy for HR-positive DCIS, particularly for patients at higher individual risk, and provide clinicians with stronger evidence to guide personalized treatment decisions.
Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland)
Source →A rare case of conjunctival melanoma in an Asian lady: A case report.
Shandi N, et al
A case report published in the International Journal of Surgery Case Reports describes a rare occurrence of conjunctival melanoma in a 36-year-old Asian woman who noticed rapid changes in a pre-existing growth on her eye, accompanied by itchiness, burning, and an enlarging mass. Clinical examination revealed a large, pedunculated, vascularized melanotic lesion highly suspicious for melanoma, and subsequent wide local excision with biopsy confirmed invasive conjunctival melanoma on histopathology. Conjunctival melanoma is a rare but dangerous form of ocular cancer, distinct from other eye melanomas, with a reported mortality rate ranging from 18 to 44 percent. The patient was managed by a multidisciplinary team including oncology specialists, highlighting the complexity of treatment and the need for close follow-up. This case underscores the importance of monitoring any changes in conjunctival nevi, particularly in underrepresented ethnic groups where prognosis may differ, and advocates for a multidisciplinary approach that also considers patients' socioeconomic circumstances.
International journal of surgery case reports
Source →Comparison of the clinicopathological features in myeloproliferative or myelodysplastic neoplasms with SF3B1/JAK2, SF3B1/CALR, or SF3B1/MPL co-mutations.
Shao R, et al
Researchers investigated the clinical and pathological characteristics of myeloid blood cancers carrying simultaneous mutations in the RNA splicing gene SF3B1 and one of the key driver genes JAK2, CALR, or MPL, which are commonly mutated in myeloproliferative neoplasms. Analyzing 136 cases, the study found that these co-mutations occur across a range of myeloid cancers, with the highest frequency in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) and overlap MDS/MPN syndromes, and with the SF3B1/JAK2 combination being the most frequent pairing. Primary myelofibrosis showed the strongest association with all three co-mutation types among MPNs, while MDS/MPN with SF3B1 mutation and elevated platelet counts had the strongest overall link to these co-mutations. Importantly, patients diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) who carried these co-mutations had significantly worse overall survival compared to those with MPN or MDS/MPN, highlighting the prognostic impact of disease classification in this setting. These findings help clinicians better understand how overlapping genetic alterations shape disease biology and patient outcomes, and underscore the importance of comprehensive molecular testing in myeloid neoplasms.
Leukemia & lymphoma
Source →Myeloid Neoplasms with Evidence of the Additive/Cumulative Effect of Molecular Genetic Alterations That "Pave the Way" to a Specific Disease Category or Entity: Lessons Learned from Cases Submitted to the 22nd Meeting of the European Association for Haematopathology/Society of Hematopathology Bone Marrow Workshop Organized by the European Bone Marrow Working Group, Dubrovnik 2024.
Tzankov A, et al
This study examined complex cases of myeloid neoplasms submitted to the 22nd European Association for Haematopathology and Society of Hematopathology Bone Marrow Workshop held in Dubrovnik in 2024, focusing on how accumulated molecular and genetic changes collectively drive the development of specific blood cancer categories. The research analyzed real-world diagnostic cases to illustrate the concept of additive or cumulative genetic alterations — where no single mutation alone defines the disease, but their combined presence steers the neoplasm toward a recognizable entity. Key lessons were drawn about how sequential acquisition of molecular hits, such as mutations in driver genes and chromosomal abnormalities, shapes disease classification and prognosis. These findings reinforce the importance of comprehensive molecular profiling in clinical practice, as understanding the genetic trajectory of a myeloid neoplasm can refine diagnosis and guide treatment decisions. For patients and clinicians alike, this work highlights that blood cancers are not defined by isolated genetic events but by evolving molecular landscapes that must be interpreted in their totality.
Pathobiology : journal of immunopathology, molecular and cellular biology
Source →Analysis of myeloid neoplasms with isolated trisomy 19 reveals a novel MDS subgroup characterized by the presence of ring sideroblasts, fibrosis and SRSF2 and/or ASXL1 mutations.
Hebeda KM, et al
Researchers analyzed 97 cases of myeloid neoplasia carrying a rare chromosomal abnormality called isolated trisomy 19, in which cells have an extra copy of chromosome 19, to better characterize this poorly understood disease group. The study focused on 62 patients diagnosed with either myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN), finding a strikingly homogeneous clinical profile: 85% were male, 80% had anemia with elevated ring sideroblasts, and the vast majority lacked SF3B1 mutations while frequently carrying SRSF2 or ASXL1 mutations instead. Compared to MDS patients with SRSF2 mutations but without trisomy 19, the trisomy 19 group showed dramatically higher rates of ring sideroblasts and bone marrow fibrosis, suggesting a biologically distinct disease mechanism. During follow-up, many MDS patients with trisomy 19 progressed to significant fibrosis, blood cell abnormalities, or acute leukemia, underscoring the clinical severity of this subgroup. These findings collectively define a novel, cytogenetically characterized subgroup of myeloid neoplasia with a unique combination of pathological features, which may help clinicians identify and more accurately classify patients for better management and prognosis.
Journal of hematopathology
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