Latest Research
All publications from the Cancer3.AI database, newest first.
Gastric perineurioma detected in routine endoscopy biopsy practice: case report and review of clinico-pathological findings in the literature.
Girolami I, et al
Researchers from a routine endoscopy biopsy service report a rare case of gastric perineurioma — a benign soft tissue tumor made up of cells resembling the perineurium, the sheath surrounding peripheral nerves — diagnosed in a 39-year-old woman during a standard gastroscopy procedure. Gastric perineuriomas are exceptionally uncommon, with fewer than 12 cases documented in the medical literature to date, making this diagnosis particularly challenging in everyday clinical practice. The correct diagnosis was achieved through a high index of suspicion by the pathologist combined with targeted immunohistochemical staining for the perineurial markers EMA and GLUT1, which confirmed the tumor's identity. A review of all published cases suggests that gastric perineuriomas typically affect middle-aged women and appear endoscopically as benign-looking, medium-sized sessile polyps in the body of the stomach. The authors warn that these tumors are likely underdiagnosed in busy pathology services, where they may be dismissed as benign mesenchymal polyps or misidentified as inflammatory fibroid polyps or even gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), the latter risking unnecessary and potentially harmful overtreatment. The case highlights the importance of including perineurial markers in the immunohistochemical panel when evaluating spindle cell lesions of the gastric mucosa, especially in middle-aged female patients.
Pathologica
Source →Decoding myoepithelioma: Highlighting diagnostic dilemmas through a series of rare cases.
Londhe M, et al
Researchers from the Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology present a case series of three rare myoepithelioma tumors of the salivary glands, including two benign and one malignant form, highlighting the significant diagnostic challenges these tumors pose. Myoepitheliomas are exceptionally rare neoplasms that most commonly arise in the minor salivary glands of the palate, lips, and oral mucosa, and their bland microscopic appearance makes them difficult to distinguish from other tumors without specialized testing. The study demonstrates that histopathology combined with immunohistochemical markers — particularly vimentin, smooth muscle antigen, S100, and p63, with all three patients testing positive for p63 — are essential tools for accurate diagnosis. The series included unusual subtypes such as cystic plasmacytoid myoepithelioma, clear cell myoepithelioma, and low-grade myoepithelial carcinoma with parenchymal invasion, underscoring the morphological diversity of these lesions. The authors emphasize that while benign myoepitheliomas rarely recur and carry a favorable prognosis, malignant forms require wide local excision with clear margins and regular follow-up to monitor for recurrence. This report serves as an important reminder for clinicians to consider myoepithelioma when evaluating slow-growing, well-defined salivary gland masses and to rely on immunohistochemistry to rule out malignancy.
Journal of oral and maxillofacial pathology : JOMFP
Source →Epidemiology of Primary Intracranial Neoplasms: A Single-Institute Cross-Sectional Study in Iran.
Mortazavi N, et al
A retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed 1,603 histologically confirmed primary central nervous system (CNS) tumor cases diagnosed between 2010 and 2017 at Loghman-e-Hakim Hospital in Tehran, Iran, to characterize the epidemiological and histopathological profile of these tumors in an Iranian population. The most common tumor groups were gliomas (38%) and meningiomas (37.9%), with glioblastoma and transitional meningioma as the leading individual subtypes. Women were more than three times more likely to develop meningiomas (odds ratio 3.14), while gliomas and embryonal tumors were more prevalent in men, and gliomas peaked in patients aged 20–40 years — patterns consistent with global observations. An increasing trend in CNS tumor diagnoses was noted over the study period, particularly for gliomas and meningiomas. These findings underscore the urgent need for a national cancer registry in Iran to improve epidemiological surveillance, data accuracy, and healthcare planning for patients with CNS malignancies.
Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Source →Pacritinib in patients with myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms.
Zargari M, et al
A new study published in Leukemia & Lymphoma evaluated the use of pacritinib, a JAK2 and FLT3 inhibitor, in patients with myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN), a group of rare and difficult-to-treat blood cancers that share features of both myelodysplastic syndromes and myeloproliferative neoplasms. These overlapping conditions, which include chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and related disorders, currently have very limited approved treatment options, making the investigation of new targeted therapies particularly important. The research assessed the clinical activity, tolerability, and outcomes of pacritinib in this patient population, providing early evidence regarding its potential benefit. Results suggested that pacritinib may offer meaningful disease control and symptom improvement in some patients with MDS/MPN, supporting further investigation of this agent in this underserved indication. These findings are clinically relevant because they expand the potential therapeutic landscape for patients who often have few effective options and poor prognoses.
Leukemia & lymphoma
Source →Alternative 5-Azacitidine 5-Day 100 mg/m2 Dosage Shows Non-Inferiority to Classical Schedule for Myelodysplastic Neoplasm (MDS) and Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukaemia (CMML) Treatment.
Tsilimidos G, et al
Researchers evaluated an alternative dosing schedule of 5-Azacitidine (AZA) — 100 mg/m² per day for 5 consecutive days every 28 days — in 68 patients with myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) or chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML), conditions in which bone marrow fails to produce healthy blood cells. The study found an overall response rate of 62%, including 22% complete responses, with median overall survival of 22.5 months and median progression-free survival of 18.2 months, results comparable to those seen with the standard 7-day AZA regimen used in historical comparisons. Patients who achieved complete remission fared significantly better, with median overall survival reaching 70.6 months, and those who underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation or achieved transfusion independence also showed meaningfully longer survival. The alternative regimen demonstrated an acceptable safety profile, with severe blood cell deficiencies (grade 3/4 cytopenias) occurring in 41% of patients and treatment-related mortality at 7.4%. These findings suggest that the 5-day, higher-dose AZA schedule is a viable and non-inferior alternative to the classical regimen, potentially offering greater scheduling flexibility for patients and clinical teams managing these serious blood cancers.
EJHaem
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