Latest Research
All publications from the Cancer3.AI database, newest first.
[Outcomes of proximal femur osteoarticular allograft reconstruction after oncologic resection in children].
Kohan-Fortuna-Figueira S, et al
Researchers in Spain studied the long-term outcomes of using bone allografts — donated bone tissue from adult donors — to reconstruct the proximal femur (upper thighbone) in young children under 10 years old following surgical removal of primary bone sarcomas. The study followed three pediatric patients for an average of 13.6 years after surgery, making it a rare long-term dataset for this age group. All three patients achieved normal acetabular (hip socket) development by the time they reached skeletal maturity, which is a critical goal in this population. Two patients retained their allografts, though one required a bone-lengthening procedure to address limb length discrepancy and another needed conversion to a combined allograft-prosthesis due to femoral head collapse; the third patient required replacement with an endoprosthesis after a fracture. The findings suggest that osteoarticular allografts are a viable limb-sparing option for very young cancer patients, preserving bone stock and supporting proper hip development, though surgeons and families should be counseled about the significant risk of long-term complications.
Medicina
Source →[Pulmonary cryptococcosis in a non-HIV patient].
Avilés-Salas A, et al
A case report published in Medicina describes a 46-year-old man with diabetes mellitus but no HIV infection who presented with cough, chest pain, and weight loss, and was found to have a large pulmonary nodule caused by the fungus Cryptococcus. CT-guided biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of pulmonary cryptococcosis through characteristic fungal staining patterns, and blood tests also showed a positive cryptococcal antigen. The patient received six months of oral fluconazole therapy, which achieved only partial resolution, ultimately requiring surgical removal of the affected lung lobe. This case highlights that pulmonary cryptococcosis can occur in patients who are not severely immunocompromised, and that its radiological appearance can closely mimic lung cancer, posing a significant diagnostic challenge for clinicians.
Medicina
Source →[Necrolytic migratory erythema as the key to the diagnosis of pancreatic neoplasms].
Di Prinzio A, et al
Researchers from the journal Medicina report two clinical cases highlighting necrolytic migratory erythema (NME) as a critical dermatological clue to the diagnosis of pancreatic tumors. NME is a rare skin condition presenting as painful, itchy, migratory reddish-brown plaques, blisters, and erosions, typically affecting skin folds and areas around body openings. The condition is notoriously difficult to diagnose because its appearance can closely mimic common skin diseases such as eczema, psoriasis, or infections. In approximately 90% of cases, NME is associated with glucagonoma, a rare pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor that secretes excess glucagon. In both reported patients, NME and pancreatic neoplasia were discovered simultaneously, underscoring the importance of thorough internal investigation once NME is identified. This report reminds clinicians that recognizing NME promptly can lead to early detection of life-threatening pancreatic cancers, significantly impacting patient outcomes.
Medicina
Source →Immune Responses to Human Papillomavirus After Infection and Vaccination.
Newton HS, et al
This review examines the immune responses triggered by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and vaccination, with the goal of clarifying how the immune system defends against one of the world's most common sexually transmitted infections. HPV is responsible for virtually all cases of cervical cancer as well as cancers of the penis, anus, vagina, vulva, and throat, making it a major global health burden. The authors highlight that natural infection often fails to produce detectable antibodies in many individuals, whereas the seven currently approved HPV vaccines consistently generate strong, long-lasting antibody responses and cellular immune memory. Both humoral (antibody-based) and cell-mediated immunity play important roles, with T cells considered critical for clearing infected cells during natural infection. The review identifies key gaps in knowledge, including how the site of infection, vaccine type, adjuvant, and dosing schedule influence protective immune mechanisms. Standardizing immune assessments across studies is emphasized as essential for accelerating the development of next-generation HPV vaccines and improving cancer prevention strategies.
Current topics in microbiology and immunology
Source →Significance of positive excision margins in therapy of high-grade vulvar precancerosis - analysis of own data and literary review.
Driák D, et al
Researchers from the Czech Republic conducted a retrospective study examining the clinical significance of positive surgical margins following excision of high-grade vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), a precancerous condition of the vulva that has become increasingly common over the past three decades. The study followed 62 women who had undergone surgical resection but whose tissue margins were found to contain residual disease upon pathological examination. Among the 35 patients who underwent repeat surgery, approximately half showed recurrent precancerous changes at the same stage, while the other half showed no dysplastic tissue at all, and importantly, none of the patients progressed to invasive vulvar cancer. The authors conclude that positive excision margins alone are not the most critical predictor of disease progression, and that factors such as age, smoking, immunosuppression, prior radiotherapy, concurrent lesions in the vagina or cervix, and HPV bioactivity play an equally or more important role. Rather than pursuing aggressive repeat resection solely to achieve clear margins, the authors advocate for long-term, potentially lifelong clinical surveillance as the preferred management strategy. These findings offer reassurance to clinicians and patients facing the dilemma of positive margins after VIN surgery, suggesting that watchful monitoring may be a safe and reasonable alternative to immediate reoperation.
Ceska gynekologie
Source →