Latest Research
All publications from the Cancer3.AI database, newest first.
Risk of Cancer in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Compared with the General Population: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Lithuania.
Gedvilaitė V, et al
A nationwide cohort study from Lithuania investigated the risk of developing cancer in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared to the general population, analyzing 746 observed cancer cases. The study found that RA patients faced an overall 17% higher cancer risk than the general Lithuanian population, with hematological cancers showing the most dramatic elevations in risk. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk was more than four times higher, Hodgkin lymphoma and myeloma were approximately three times more common, and leukemia was nearly 2.4 times more frequent in RA patients than in the general public. Nonmelanoma skin cancer was also significantly elevated, while male RA patients showed increased risks of prostate and kidney cancers; notably, colorectal cancer risk was lower in the RA population. These findings highlight the urgent need for clear, evidence-based cancer screening guidelines tailored specifically for RA patients, enabling earlier diagnosis and improved treatment outcomes.
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
Source →Comprehensive next generation sequencing of middle ear neuroendocrine tumors.
Bishop JA, et al
Researchers investigated the molecular characteristics of middle ear neuroendocrine tumors (MeNETs), a rare and poorly understood type of ear tumor, using next-generation sequencing (NGS) on six archived cases. The study found that MeNETs harbor a variety of genetic mutations — including alterations in ATRX, DNMT3A, STAG2, RB1, HRAS, NF1, and SF3B1 — but these mutations occurred at low frequencies and without any single consistent, recurrent genetic change across patients. One case carried a gene fusion of uncertain significance (R3HDM2::EP400), and most patients remained disease-free over follow-up, though one patient with a higher-grade tumor developed widespread metastases and died 96 months after diagnosis. The molecular heterogeneity observed in MeNETs closely resembles that seen in well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors of the small intestine and lung, supporting their classification within the broader neuroendocrine tumor family. These findings provide clinicians and pathologists with important genomic context for diagnosing and managing MeNETs, while highlighting the need for further research given the rarity of this tumor type.
Annals of diagnostic pathology
Source →HPV Exposure in the Gynecological Practice: Time to Call It an Occupational Disease? A Systematic Review of the Literature and ESGO Experts' Opinion.
Ege HV, et al
A new systematic review published in the journal Vaccines examined whether healthcare workers, particularly those performing gynecological procedures, face an occupational risk of contracting human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Researchers analyzed 34 studies from three major databases, following rigorous PRISMA 2020 guidelines, and incorporated expert opinions from the European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO) Prevention Committee. The review found that HPV DNA has been detected in surgical smoke and on instruments used during procedures such as treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer, suggesting that aerosol-generating procedures may expose medical staff to the virus. Although the evidence remains insufficient to formally classify HPV infection as an occupational disease, the findings highlight a real and underappreciated risk for surgeons, gynecologists, and other operating room personnel. The authors stress the importance of personal protective equipment during at-risk procedures and note that several professional societies already recommend HPV vaccination for healthcare workers performing gynecological interventions. Further research is urgently needed to assess vaccine effectiveness in this population beyond the standard age range and to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of such preventive strategies.
Vaccines
Source →Minimally required essential bio markers for lymphoma.
Ghanghoria S, et al
A retrospective study published in Bioinformation investigated which immunohistochemical (IHC) markers are the minimum essentials needed to accurately classify and predict outcomes in lymphoma, a diverse group of blood cancers originating in lymphoid tissue. Researchers analyzed 88 lymphoma cases using a focused panel of seven monoclonal antibody markers: CD3, CD5, CD20, CD10, CD45, PAX-5, and Ki-67. The study found that B-cell lymphomas were strongly identified by CD20, CD45, and PAX-5, while T-cell lymphomas were reliably detected using CD3 and CD5, and that aggressive subtypes such as Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma showed high Ki-67 proliferation indices reflecting rapid tumor growth. These findings demonstrate that a streamlined, cost-effective panel of IHC markers can provide reliable lymphoma diagnosis and prognostication without the need for an extensive and expensive antibody battery. This research is particularly valuable for healthcare settings in low-resource regions, where budget constraints often limit access to comprehensive diagnostic tools, potentially improving patient outcomes through more accessible and accurate lymphoma classification.
Bioinformation
Source →A brief history of ependymoma.
Ghasemi DR, et al
Researchers have published a comprehensive historical review of ependymoma, a diverse group of brain and spinal cord tumors that affect both children and adults across the entire neuroaxis. The review traces the evolution of classification systems for ependymoma over the decades, highlighting how recent advances have dramatically improved understanding of the biological and clinical features of these tumors. Current standard treatment consists of maximal safe surgical resection followed by radiotherapy in most cases, but effective drug and chemotherapy options remain scarce. The authors note that two major ongoing multinational clinical trials — SIOP EP II in Europe and ACNS0831 in North America — are nearing completion and may soon provide much-needed evidence for improved therapies. This review underscores the historical underrepresentation of ependymoma in research and emphasizes the urgency of finding cures for all subtypes of these tumors, which carry significant morbidity particularly in pediatric patients.
Neuro-oncology
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