Latest Research
All publications from the Cancer3.AI database, newest first.
Association between the psoas muscle index and disease progression and mortality in testicular germ cell tumours.
Özlü DN, et al
A new study published in The Indian Journal of Medical Research investigated whether changes in muscle mass during chemotherapy affect outcomes in patients with testicular germ cell tumours, a cancer predominantly affecting young men. Researchers used the psoas muscle index (PMI), a CT-based measure of core muscle size, to assess sarcopenia — the loss of skeletal muscle — in 159 patients treated between 2010 and 2023. Patients who lost 10% or more of their psoas muscle mass during chemotherapy had significantly higher rates of disease progression (26.1% vs. 10.6%) and death (8.7% vs. 1.8%) compared to those who maintained muscle mass. Multivariable analysis confirmed that a 10% or greater decrease in PMI was an independent predictor of both disease progression (Hazard Ratio 6.5) and mortality (Hazard Ratio 6.0), alongside tumour characteristics such as rete testis invasion and non-seminomatous histology. These findings suggest that monitoring muscle mass during chemotherapy could serve as a simple, clinically actionable prognostic tool, potentially guiding early nutritional or rehabilitation interventions to improve survival outcomes.
The Indian journal of medical research
Source →Immunohistochemical Evaluation of p53 and Its Association With Prognostic Parameters in Breast Cancer.
Kusuma KN, et al
Researchers at a tertiary care hospital conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate the expression of the tumor suppressor protein p53 and its relationship with key clinical and pathological features in patients with invasive breast carcinoma. Using immunohistochemistry on tumor tissue samples, the team found that p53 positivity was detected in 57.5% of cases, and was significantly linked to larger tumor size and a higher Ki-67 proliferation index, both of which are markers of aggressive cancer behavior. P53 overexpression was most common in the HER2-enriched (77.8%) and luminal B (75%) molecular subtypes, which are generally associated with poorer outcomes. These findings suggest that p53 plays an important role in breast cancer progression and aggressiveness, and could help clinicians better characterize high-risk tumors. The authors conclude that larger, multicenter studies incorporating survival data are needed to fully establish the clinical utility of p53 testing in breast cancer management.
Cureus
Source →Molecular-Guided Precision Oncology in Cancer of Unknown Primary: A State-of-the-Art Perspective.
Subbiah V, et al
This review examines the rapidly evolving field of Cancer of Unknown Primary (CUP), a condition in which metastatic cancer is diagnosed without identifying the original tumor site, accounting for 2-3% of all metastatic malignancies. Historically managed with empirical chemotherapy and poor outcomes, CUP is now being redefined through advanced molecular diagnostics including comprehensive genomic profiling, gene expression profiling, and liquid biopsy technologies. Landmark clinical trials, notably CUPISCO and Fudan CUP-001, have demonstrated that molecularly guided treatment strategies significantly improve patient survival compared to standard empirical chemotherapy. The review highlights the growing role of tumor-agnostic therapies — treatments that target specific genetic mutations regardless of cancer type — and the establishment of molecular tumor boards to guide individualized treatment decisions. These advances signal a paradigm shift away from therapeutic nihilism toward genuine precision oncology for CUP patients, offering renewed hope for a historically difficult-to-treat population.
Journal of personalized medicine
Source →A Single Incision for Simultaneous Liver and Kidney Transplant With Right-Side Nephrectomy for Polycystic Liver and Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease.
Rezaei E, et al
Surgeons have reported a novel single-incision technique for performing simultaneous liver and kidney transplantation in a patient with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and severe polycystic liver disease. The procedure involved a 48-year-old man who received both organs from a brain-dead donor, with the entire operation — including removal of the diseased native kidney and placement of the donor kidney — carried out through one reverse L-shaped abdominal incision. After completing the liver transplant, surgeons removed the patient's right native kidney and implanted the donor kidney in the same surgical field, connecting its blood vessels to the external iliac artery and vein and joining the ureter using a ureter-to-ureter anastomosis. Both the transplanted liver and kidney began functioning immediately after the procedure, with no reported complications. This case demonstrates that a single incision can safely accommodate three major surgical steps — hepatectomy, liver transplant, and ipsilateral nephrectomy with kidney transplant — potentially reducing operative trauma, simplifying the procedure, and shortening recovery time for patients requiring both organs simultaneously.
Experimental and clinical transplantation : official journal of the Middle East Society for Organ Transplantation
Source →Palisading adenocarcinoma. State of the art and first case report in the parotid gland of a 44-year-old woman.
Corina E, et al
Researchers in Italy have published the first documented case of palisading adenocarcinoma arising in the parotid gland, a rare salivary gland tumor previously reported only in the sublingual and submandibular glands. The tumor was identified in a 44-year-old woman and presented a diagnostic challenge because its microscopic appearance closely resembled both a neuroendocrine neoplasm and a benign pleomorphic adenoma. Pathologists identified the hallmark features of palisading adenocarcinoma, including a biphasic cellular pattern with polygonal epithelioid cells arranged in trabeculae and pseudo-rosette structures alongside well-formed ductal elements, and used immunohistochemical staining to reach the correct diagnosis. The case highlights that this newly described cancer type can occur in salivary glands beyond its typical locations, expanding the known clinical spectrum of the disease. Accurate diagnosis required a combined histological and immunohistochemical approach, underscoring the importance of specialist pathology expertise when evaluating unusual salivary gland masses. This report contributes valuable data to the limited existing literature on palisading adenocarcinoma and may help clinicians and pathologists recognize and correctly classify this rare entity in future patients.
Pathologica
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