Latest Research
All publications from the Cancer3.AI database, newest first.
Primary Pulmonary Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Report of Two Cases and a Review of the Literature Emphasizing the Role of Radiotherapy.
Fahmy V, et al
Researchers from Cureus journal reported two cases of primary pulmonary non-Hodgkin lymphoma (PPL), a rare cancer originating in the lungs rather than the lymph nodes, and reviewed existing literature to highlight the role of radiation therapy in its management. PPL most commonly presents as slow-growing marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), though more aggressive forms such as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) also occur. Diagnosis requires tissue biopsy, immune cell profiling, and advanced imaging including PET/CT scans for accurate staging. The report emphasizes that modern involved-site radiation therapy (ISRT) can precisely target lung tumors while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissue, making it an effective and well-tolerated treatment for localized disease. Radiation therapy may be used alone in early-stage cases or combined with systemic chemotherapy for residual or treatment-resistant lesions. These cases underscore the importance of tailoring treatment to each patient's specific tumor biology, with radiotherapy playing a central role in achieving lasting disease control in this uncommon malignancy.
Cureus
Source →Real world experience with [68Ga]PentixaFor PET/CT in Primary Aldosteronism using newly developed harmonized diagnostic criteria.
Hesse L, et al
Researchers at a European tertiary center evaluated [68Ga]PentixaFor PET/CT scanning as a non-invasive method to identify which patients with primary aldosteronism — a hormonal condition causing high blood pressure due to overactive adrenal glands — would benefit from surgery, compared to the standard but technically demanding adrenal vein sampling (AVS) procedure. The study enrolled 35 consecutive patients between late 2023 and early 2025, with scans independently reviewed by local and external expert readers, and a newly developed set of harmonized interpretation criteria was tested to reduce diagnostic disagreement. Applying these harmonized criteria dramatically improved agreement between readers from 80% to 94%, and when PET findings were combined with AVS results, the proportion of patients confidently identified as having one-sided disease rose to 55%. Among 12 patients who underwent adrenal surgery, those selected based on PET imaging achieved complete biochemical remission in 6 out of 8 cases, demonstrating clinically meaningful outcomes. These findings suggest that [68Ga]PentixaFor PET/CT, guided by standardized criteria, can reliably support surgical decision-making in primary aldosteronism and may help more patients access curative treatment, particularly when conventional AVS is incomplete or unavailable.
Frontiers in endocrinology
Source →Co-Localized Dermoscopy and LC-OCT for AI-Assisted Margin Assessment of Basal Cell Carcinoma: Development of a "BCC-One-Stop-Shop" Workflow.
Mozaffari M, et al
Researchers developed a novel clinical workflow called the 'BCC-One-Stop-Shop' that combines advanced imaging technologies and artificial intelligence to streamline the diagnosis, surgery, and margin control of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) — the most common form of skin cancer — all within a single patient visit. The system integrates dermoscopy with Line-field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC-OCT), using a co-localization algorithm that maps real-time LC-OCT scans onto a previously acquired dermoscopy image, while an AI model simultaneously calculates a BCC probability score. Together, these tools generate a color-coded tumor map overlaid on the dermoscopy image, allowing surgeons to precisely define tumor margins before and after excision without traditional biopsy delays. The protocol was found to be quick to implement and easy for clinical staff to learn, and patients responded positively to the visual representation of their disease. This approach has the potential to reduce the number of surgical steps required in Mohs micrographic surgery, thereby lowering costs, reducing excision sizes, and easing the burden on patients. Larger-scale clinical studies are currently underway to confirm the safety and efficacy of this innovative one-stop approach.
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)
Source →The Evolving Landscape of Cutaneous Mesenchymal Tumors: An Update on Selected Entities.
Sotiriou S, et al
A new review article published in Dermatologic Clinics provides an updated overview of cutaneous mesenchymal tumors, a diverse group of skin-based growths arising from connective tissue elements such as fat, muscle, nerve sheaths, and blood vessels. The article focuses on the histopathological features, immunophenotypic profiles, and molecular alterations that define these tumors, ranging from benign to frankly malignant entities. Particular attention is given to diagnostic pitfalls — situations where benign lesions may be mistaken for cancers or vice versa — which can lead to unnecessary or insufficient treatment. The authors emphasize that a thorough understanding of distinguishing features is essential for clinicians and pathologists to ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate clinical management. By highlighting the molecular underpinnings of these tumors, the review also points toward targeted diagnostic approaches that can improve patient outcomes and prevent overtreatment of harmless mimics of malignancy.
Dermatologic clinics
Source →Case Report: Sufficient pelvic floor muscle function can retain acceptable postoperative defecation function after in-situ anal reconstruction surgery in patients with ultra-low rectal/anal cancer.
Lin L, et al
Researchers in this case report investigated a surgical alternative to permanent colostomy for patients with ultra-low rectal or anal canal cancer, a group that typically faces abdominoperineal resection and lifelong stoma. Three patients underwent a combined procedure involving partial pelvic floor muscle resection and in-situ anal reconstruction performed by a single surgeon. At 24 months of follow-up, all three patients retained some degree of bowel control, with the best-performing patient achieving effective regulation of bowel movements and a Wexner continence score of 7, while the others experienced only occasional incontinence that did not substantially impair daily life. The findings suggest that carefully selected patients with preserved pelvic floor muscle function who strongly refuse a permanent stoma may be candidates for this sphincter-saving reconstructive approach. While limited by its small sample size, this report offers early evidence that in-situ anal reconstruction can provide acceptable postoperative defecation function and potentially improve quality of life and dignity for this challenging patient population.
Frontiers in surgery
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