Latest Research
All publications from the Cancer3.AI database, newest first.
Breast implant-associated B-cell lymphomas: First systematic review of the literature.
Moeris E, et al
Researchers conducted the first systematic review of breast implant-associated B-cell lymphomas (BIA-BCL), a rare and poorly understood condition distinct from the better-known breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL). Analyzing 27 published studies covering 37 patients, plus one newly reported case, the review identified 11 different B-cell lymphoma subtypes, with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) being the most common, accounting for 27 of the 38 total cases. Implants associated with the condition included both smooth and textured types, and symptoms typically appeared around 17 years after implantation, most often presenting as capsular contracture and pain. Diagnosis before surgery was achieved in only 11 of the 38 cases, highlighting significant challenges in early detection, while treatments ranged from medication alone to surgical removal without additional therapy. The authors recommend en bloc excision — complete surgical removal of the implant along with the surrounding capsule — as the preferred first-line treatment, while acknowledging that larger studies are urgently needed to establish standardized diagnostic and management protocols. This review is clinically significant as it consolidates existing knowledge on a rare but serious complication of breast implants and provides guidance for surgeons and oncologists managing affected patients.
Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery : JPRAS
Source →Lacrimal gland myoepithelial carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma with temporal fossa extension and pulmonary metastasis.
Hareendran H, et al
Researchers reported a rare and aggressive case of myoepithelial carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma arising in the lacrimal gland, a tear-producing structure located near the eye. This unusual malignancy, which develops when a previously benign mixed tumor undergoes cancerous transformation, extended into the temporal fossa and ultimately spread to the lungs as distant metastases. The case highlights the diagnostic and surgical challenges posed by lacrimal gland tumors that invade adjacent skull-base compartments, requiring multidisciplinary management involving ophthalmology, oncology, and neurosurgery. Myoepithelial carcinoma of the lacrimal gland is exceptionally rare, and documented cases with both regional extension and pulmonary metastasis are virtually absent from the literature. This report adds important clinical knowledge about the aggressive behavior of this tumor subtype and underscores the need for early recognition, complete surgical resection, and long-term systemic follow-up in affected patients.
Orbit (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
Source →Comparative Evaluation of Four Stereotactic Radiosurgery Planning Approaches for Treatment of Posterior Choroidal Melanoma.
Nigro R, et al
Researchers conducted a comparative treatment planning study evaluating four stereotactic radiosurgery approaches for posterior choroidal melanoma, a rare eye cancer requiring precise radiation delivery to protect surrounding healthy tissue. The four techniques compared were Brainlab iPlan dynamic conformal arc therapy (DCAT), Brainlab Elements modulated arcs, Varian Eclipse HyperArc, and Gamma Knife ICON, applied to 13 patient cases treated with a 50 Gy dose over five fractions. The study found that modulated arc techniques from HyperArc and Brainlab Elements significantly reduced the volume of healthy brain tissue receiving high doses compared to the older DCAT approach, which is an important safety advantage. Gamma Knife demonstrated the best tumor targeting precision with superior dose gradient index and the lowest dose to surrounding brain tissue, but its current eye immobilization technology limits treatment to a single fraction rather than the preferred five-fraction regimen. These findings suggest that modern modulated arc technologies offer meaningful clinical improvements over older forward-planning methods, and that Gamma Knife may become a preferred option if multi-fraction delivery becomes feasible for eye treatments. Clinicians treating choroidal melanoma can use these results to guide technology selection and optimize the balance between tumor control and protection of critical structures such as the optic nerve and lacrimal gland.
Journal of medical radiation sciences
Source →Magnesium depletion score and risk of skin cancer and mortality: evidence from NHANES 1999-2018 with mediation by PhenoAge.
Li X, et al
A large study using data from nearly 40,000 American adults enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 1999 and 2018 examined whether magnesium depletion — assessed through a composite score based on diuretic use, proton pump inhibitor use, kidney function, and heavy alcohol intake — is linked to skin cancer risk and mortality. Researchers found that higher Magnesium Depletion Scores (MDS) were significantly associated with increased odds of non-melanoma skin cancer and with higher rates of both cancer-specific and all-cause mortality, with dose-response trends showing that individuals with the highest depletion scores faced up to 2.5 times greater risk of dying from any cause compared to those with no depletion. Melanoma risk showed a weaker, statistically non-significant association with MDS. Notably, a measure of biological aging called PhenoAge partially explained these relationships, mediating 16% of the effect on non-melanoma skin cancer, 82% on cancer-specific mortality, and 55% on all-cause mortality, suggesting that magnesium depletion may accelerate biological aging and thereby raise mortality risk. These findings highlight the potential clinical importance of monitoring and addressing magnesium status — particularly in patients using diuretics or proton pump inhibitors or those with impaired kidney function — as a modifiable factor that may influence cancer outcomes and longevity.
Cancer treatment and research communications
Source →The genetics of cancer heterogeneity and mesothelioma.
Chirieac LR, et al
Researchers reviewed the extensive genetic and biological heterogeneity of diffuse mesothelioma, a rare and aggressive cancer arising from the serosal membranes lining body cavities such as the pleural, peritoneal, and pericardial spaces. The review examined how variations in patient age, sex, and anatomic site of disease are driven by distinct, recurrent genetic mutations, while also acknowledging a high degree of variability both between and within individual tumors. Key findings highlight that most mesotheliomas harbor mutations in tumor suppressor genes and epigenetic regulators — including BAP1, NF2, TP53, and SETD2 — and that BAP1 is among the most frequently altered genes, disrupted through multiple mechanisms such as point mutations, copy number loss, and chromosomal deletions. Rare subsets of the disease display unusual alterations, including genomic near-haploidization, oncogenic EWSR1-ATF1 fusions, and ALK rearrangements, underscoring that mesothelioma encompasses multiple genetically distinct entities. Germline mutations in DNA repair and cell cycle genes are also identified in a subset of patients, particularly those who are young, have a family history of the disease, or present with peritoneal involvement. These insights are clinically important because understanding mesothelioma's molecular diversity can guide more precise diagnosis, risk stratification, and the development of targeted therapies for affected patients.
Frontiers in oncology
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