Latest Research
All publications from the Cancer3.AI database, newest first.
[Next-Generation Sequencing-Based Detection of Gene Mutations and Its Association With Clinicopathological Features in Gastric Cancer].
Zhong H, et al
A Chinese research team used next-generation sequencing to profile gene mutations in 55 gastric cancer patients, finding somatic mutations in over 85% of cases, with TP53, ARID1A, CDH1, LRP1B, and PIK3CA identified as the most frequently altered genes. TP53 mutations were linked to advanced tumor stage and diffuse-type gastric cancer, while CDH1 mutations were concentrated in aggressive subtypes including signet-ring cell carcinoma and poorly differentiated tumors. CDH1 mutation emerged as an independent poor prognostic factor, tripling the risk of disease progression, and 20% of patients also carried pathogenic germline mutations pointing to a hereditary cancer risk warranting family screening. Crucially, validation against The Cancer Genome Atlas database revealed a striking ethnic difference: the adverse prognostic impact of CDH1 mutations was statistically significant only in Asian patients and not in other ethnic groups. These findings demonstrate that Chinese gastric cancer patients have a distinct molecular landscape and argue strongly for ethnicity-specific precision medicine approaches in clinical practice.
Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition
Source →[Combined Analysis of Dyslipidemia and Tumor Markers for the Diagnosis of Gastric Cancer].
Lu J, et al
Researchers at Renji Hospital (West) investigated whether combining routine blood lipid measurements with traditional tumor markers could enhance the early detection of gastric cancer, a disease that often goes undiagnosed until advanced stages. The study enrolled 100 gastric cancer patients across all disease stages and 100 age- and sex-matched healthy controls, measuring nine lipid parameters and five tumor markers in each participant. Gastric cancer patients showed significantly reduced levels of HDL-C, ApoA1, ApoC3, LDL-C, TC, and sdLDL-C, while CEA and CA50 were elevated; patients with advanced-stage disease had even more pronounced lipid reductions compared to those with early-stage disease. Among individual biomarkers, HDL-C was the strongest single predictor with an AUC of 0.797, but a combined model integrating six lipid parameters, two tumor markers, and patient age achieved a markedly superior AUC of 0.940 with 83.75% sensitivity and 92.5% specificity, validated in an independent cohort. These findings suggest that adding standard lipid panel data to conventional tumor marker testing could offer clinicians a more accurate and cost-accessible screening tool for gastric cancer detection.
Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition
Source →Periodic intrafraction image-guided focal dose-escalated stereotactic body radiotherapy for prostate carcinoma on a standard linear accelerator.
Serpa M, et al
Researchers investigated whether periodic intrafraction image guidance (PIF-IG) could improve the accuracy of a focal dose-escalated stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) technique, called HypoFocal-SBRT, for prostate cancer patients treated on a standard linear accelerator. Twenty patients received treatment in five fractions across three dose levels targeting the seminal vesicles, prostate, and an intraprostatic tumor lesion, with fiducial markers used to track prostate movement during treatment. The study found that PIF-IG reduced geometric positioning errors by roughly 60% across all three spatial directions, bringing root-mean-square errors down from around 1.6–2.3 mm to 0.6–0.9 mm. Without image guidance, up to 16% of treatment fractions showed underdosing of target volumes, whereas with PIF-IG this fell to just 2% or less. These results demonstrate that highly precise, dose-escalated prostate SBRT can be safely and efficiently delivered on widely available standard radiotherapy equipment, potentially improving cancer control while reducing harm to surrounding healthy tissue.
Physics and imaging in radiation oncology
Source →Mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasm (MiNEN) of the foreskin: a case report and literature review.
Mohamed A, et al
Researchers from Virchows Archiv report the first ever documented case of a mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasm (MiNEN) arising in the foreskin, a type of rare composite cancer previously unrecognized at this anatomical site. The 71-year-old patient presented with a foreskin mass that, under microscopic examination, revealed two distinct cancer components: a high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma and a squamous cell carcinoma, both developing against a background of HPV-associated penile intraepithelial neoplasia. Thorough clinical and radiological workup confirmed the foreskin as the primary site of origin, ruling out spread from another neuroendocrine tumor elsewhere in the body. Sentinel lymph node biopsy revealed that the neuroendocrine component had already spread to a right inguinal lymph node, highlighting the aggressive nature of this tumor. This case is significant because it expands the known range of body sites where MiNENs can develop and suggests that high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) may play a role in triggering these rare composite malignancies even in genital locations. Clinicians should be aware of MiNEN as a possible diagnosis when evaluating unusual penile or foreskin tumors, as accurate classification is essential for guiding treatment decisions.
Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology
Source →Apocrine Ductal Carcinoma in situ Ex Pleomorphic Adenoma of the Breast: A Rare Case Report.
Isono T, et al
Researchers report the first documented case of apocrine ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) arising within a pleomorphic adenoma (PA) of the breast, an exceptionally rare combination never previously described in the medical literature. A 75-year-old woman presented with a palpable breast mass and nipple inversion, and imaging revealed two distinct lesions; core needle biopsy of the smaller adjacent lesion identified apocrine-type DCIS, leading to a Stage 0 breast cancer diagnosis. Following mastectomy, histopathological examination confirmed that the carcinoma had developed within an encapsulated pleomorphic adenoma and extended through the ducts toward the nipple, explaining the clinical finding of nipple retraction. The tumor cells were positive for androgen receptor and FOXA1 but negative for estrogen and progesterone receptors, a profile characteristic of apocrine-type breast cancers. This case highlights that malignant transformation can occur within benign pleomorphic adenomas of the breast and underscores the importance of thorough pathological evaluation to avoid misdiagnosis of such rare entities. Clinicians and pathologists should be aware of this unusual presentation to ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate surgical management.
Surgical case reports
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