Latest Research
All publications from the Cancer3.AI database, newest first.
Immune Cell-Mediated Retinoblastoma Development: Genetic and Molecular Mechanisms.
Hu X, et al
Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common intraocular malignant tumor in children, caused by the inactivation of both copies of the RB1 tumor suppressor gene, yet how immune cells influence this process has remained largely unknown. Researchers applied two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis—a genetic epidemiology technique that uses genome-wide association study data to infer causal relationships—alongside single-cell RNA sequencing of retinoblastoma tissue to systematically investigate the link between immune cells and the RB1 gene and its protein. The study identified 28 distinct immune cell types associated with RB1, raising the possibility that immune activity in parents may alter RB1 gene expression in ways that subsequently affect the risk of retinoblastoma in their children. Single-cell analysis of tumor tissue further revealed differential gene expression patterns across various cell populations within retinoblastoma tumors, providing a detailed molecular landscape of the disease. Three genes—EZH2, UBLCP1, and HKDC1—emerged as candidate molecular mediators through which immune cells may participate in retinoblastoma development. These findings advance our understanding of the immunogenetic basis of childhood eye cancer and may guide future research into preventive strategies and targeted therapies.
International journal of genomics
Source →Age-standardized mortality-to-incidence ratio for non-melanoma skin cancer in the world.
Charvat H, et al
A global study published in the Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology examined the age-standardized mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) for non-melanoma skin cancer — one of the most prevalent cancer types worldwide — across countries and world regions. The MIR, derived by dividing age-standardized mortality rates by age-standardized incidence rates, serves as a practical surrogate measure of cancer survival and healthcare system effectiveness when direct survival registry data are unavailable or unreliable. The analysis revealed substantial international disparities, with lower-income countries typically exhibiting higher MIRs, reflecting poorer patient outcomes compared to high-income nations with established dermatology and oncology infrastructure. These inequalities likely stem from differences in access to early diagnosis, sun-protection public health campaigns, dermatological care, and timely surgical or radiation treatment. The findings provide actionable epidemiological benchmarks to guide policymakers and international health organizations in directing resources toward regions most burdened by preventable non-melanoma skin cancer deaths.
Japanese journal of clinical oncology
Source →Static Digital Twins for Surgical Planning in Complex Gynecologic Cancer Recurrence: A Proof-of-Concept Feasibility study.
Mezzapesa F, et al
Researchers at an academic tertiary care center conducted a prospective feasibility study examining whether static digital twins — patient-specific three-dimensional anatomical reconstructions generated from high-resolution imaging — could enhance surgical planning for women undergoing resection of complex gynecologic cancer recurrences. Four patients with suspected oligometastatic recurrence involving vascular, urinary, nervous, or skeletal structures underwent semi-automated 3D segmentation using Mimics Medical® software, producing virtual models that were co-reviewed by surgeons and biomedical engineers both before and during surgery. All four operations were completed successfully without intraoperative complications, unplanned injuries, or postoperative adverse events, with a mean operative time of approximately 192 minutes. The digital twin models showed high concordance with actual surgical findings, aided in identifying anatomical variants such as a duplicated ureter, and positively influenced intraoperative decision-making in every case. These results demonstrate that static digital twins are technically feasible and appear to improve anatomical understanding, interdisciplinary team coordination, and intraoperative safety in complex gynecologic oncology surgery. Although limited by its small sample size, this proof-of-concept study provides encouraging evidence to support larger, controlled trials validating the impact of digital twins on surgical outcomes and workflow efficiency.
Journal of minimally invasive gynecology
Source →Agent-specific, histopathology-stratified hematologic malignancy risk among dpp-4 inhibitors, glp-1 receptor agonists, and SGLT2 inhibitors: a network meta-analysis of 270,471 participants.
Lin P, et al
A large network meta-analysis investigated whether individual agents within three widely prescribed antidiabetic drug classes — DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and SGLT2 inhibitors — differ in their risk of causing hematologic malignancies such as leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma. Drawing on 75 randomized controlled trials encompassing 270,471 participants and following rigorous Cochrane methodology, researchers stratified blood cancer risk by specific histopathologic subtypes rather than grouping all malignancies together. The GLP-1 receptor agonist dulaglutide was associated with a significantly more than doubled risk of overall hematologic malignancy (RR = 2.17), while tirzepatide — a dual GLP-1/GIP agonist — and the DPP-4 inhibitor linagliptin were each linked to significantly reduced blood cancer risk. Tirzepatide additionally demonstrated a specific protective association against non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, whereas no agent showed clear signals for leukemia or myeloma subtypes. These findings highlight meaningful oncologic safety differences between individual drugs within the same class and suggest that clinicians treating diabetic patients at elevated cancer risk should factor blood cancer risk into their prescribing decisions, while calling for dedicated mechanistic studies to explain these divergent signals.
Journal of hematology & oncology
Source →A Phase 1 dose-escalation study to evaluate safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of OSE-279, an anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody in patients with advanced solid tumours.
Robert M, et al
Researchers conducted a Phase 1 dose-escalation trial to evaluate the safety, dosing, and early efficacy of OSE-279, a novel humanized anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody, in 20 patients with advanced solid tumors including soft tissue sarcoma and anal squamous cell carcinoma. Patients received OSE-279 intravenously at three dose levels — 100 mg every 3 weeks, 300 mg every 3 weeks, or 600 mg every 6 weeks — and the drug demonstrated a favorable safety profile with manageable side effects such as diarrhea, dry mouth, pruritus, fatigue, and hyperthyroidism. Two recommended doses for future Phase 2 trials were established, and pharmacokinetic data confirmed linear dose proportionality with receptor occupancy consistently above 80%, suggesting reliable biological activity at all tested doses. Clinical responses were encouraging, with one complete response, four partial responses, and seven cases of stable disease observed, and response durations ranging from 6.8 to 18.4 months. These results position OSE-279 as a promising new immunotherapy candidate, and the trial is now advancing to test OSE-279 in combination with OSE2101, a therapeutic cancer vaccine, as a first-line treatment for PD-L1-high non-small cell lung cancer patients.
European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990)
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