Retina

C69.2WHO — Eye Tumours

Eye & Orbit

Prognosis

This section is being prepared by our editorial process.

🔬 Histological Types

📚 Latest Research

2026-09-10

Adolescent Unilateral Retinoblastoma in a Low- and Middle-Income Country: Diagnostic Challenges and Barriers to Genetic Cancer Care.

Sarfraz S, et al

A study published in Pediatric Blood & Cancer investigates the diagnostic challenges and systemic barriers to genetic cancer care faced by adolescents with unilateral retinoblastoma in a low- and middle-income country (LMIC) setting, a group that is frequently underrepresented in the retinoblastoma literature. The research highlights that delayed diagnosis and limited access to genetic counseling and molecular testing represent critical unmet needs in this population, where resource constraints compound the inherent difficulty of identifying retinoblastoma in older patients who present atypically compared to young children. These findings underscore the urgent need for improved awareness, referral pathways, and affordable genetic services in LMICs to ensure timely intervention and appropriate family risk assessment for adolescent patients.

Pediatric blood & cancer

Source →

2026-09-10

Epidemiologic trends and outcomes of primary vitreoretinal lymphoma in the U.S., 2000-2021.

Garg I, et al

A U.S. national database study found a significant rise in the age-adjusted incidence of primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL) between 2000 and 2021, with an annual percentage change of 5.10%, along with a notable demographic shift toward patients older than 75 years. Researchers identified 267 patients through the National Program of Cancer Registries and 76 through SEER Plus, confirming that PVRL remains extremely rare at 0.004 cases per 100,000 and most frequently affects White, non-Hispanic individuals aged 70–74 years. Critically, Black race was independently associated with significantly worse survival (P = 0.0001), exposing substantial racial disparities, while type of treatment was not associated with survival outcomes (P > 0.05). The authors also highlight that PVRL is likely underrepresented in national databases due to misdiagnosis and coding errors, underscoring the need for improved disease recognition.

Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie

Source →

2026-09-08

Adult-onset retinoblastoma in a 17-year-old girl: a case report

Zhang ZN, et al

A case report from a Chinese ophthalmology journal documents the successful long-term outcome of adult-onset retinoblastoma (pT3a) in a 17-year-old girl, with no local recurrence, distant metastasis, or secondary malignancy detected over an 8-year follow-up period. The patient presented with acute ocular pain, rapidly progressive unilateral visual loss, leukocoria, and neovascular glaucoma; ocular ultrasonography, CT, and MRI revealed an intraocular space-occupying lesion with calcification foci, and histopathology confirmed retinoblastoma with Flexner-Wintersteiner rosettes and extensive choroidal invasion. Enucleation of the affected eye was performed, followed by two cycles of systemic chemotherapy with vincristine, etoposide, and carboplatin. This case underscores that retinoblastoma, although predominantly a disease of young children, can manifest in adolescents and be managed successfully with multimodal therapy.

[Zhonghua yan ke za zhi] Chinese journal of ophthalmology

Source →