Mediastinum
Cytokine concentrations in pediatric primary mediastinal large B cell lymphoma correlate with disease extent and outcome.
Nipper M, et al
A population-based study of 62 pediatric patients with primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL) identified pretreatment plasma cytokine profiles that distinguish tumor burden from prognosis, with IL-6 showing the strongest link to outcome — a hazard ratio of 6.8 (95% CI, 1.5–30.9) for infer…
Source →Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Tumor Involving the Anterosuperior Mediastinum With a Rare c.147C>G Germline Mutation: A Case Report.
Qi Y, et al
A 41-year-old male with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) was found to have a solitary neurofibroma in the anterosuperior mediastinum, which was completely resected via uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) with no evidence of recurrence at 1-year postoperative follow-up. Genetic analys…
Source →Tumor-to-thoracic height and width ratios as adjunct imaging markers for preoperative risk stratification in minimally invasive surgery for pediatric mediastinal masses.
Makita S, et al
A retrospective study of 65 children with mediastinal masses demonstrated that two simple preoperative imaging ratios — the tumor-to-thoracic height ratio (TTH) and tumor-to-thoracic width ratio (TTW) — are strongly associated with intraoperative complications during minimally invasive surgery (MIS)…
Source →Perioperative considerations and single-case feasibility claims in subcostal single-port robotic resection of a posterior mediastinal tumor in an infant.
Ochani P, et al
A single case report demonstrates that subcostal single-port robotic surgery is technically feasible for resecting a posterior mediastinal tumor in an infant, representing a minimally invasive alternative in one of the most challenging patient populations. The authors detail perioperative considerat…
Source →Primary Mediastinal T-Lymphoblastic Lymphoma With Airway Stenosis Diagnosed Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Mediastinal Cryobiopsy: A Case Report.
Nagamine H, et al
Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial mediastinal cryobiopsy (EBUS-Cryo) using a 1.1-mm cryoprobe successfully yielded a definitive diagnosis of T-lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) in an 18-year-old woman for whom standard EBUS-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) had failed due…
Source →Anbalcabtagene Autoleucel: First Approval.
Lee A
Anbalcabtagene autoleucel (RIMQARTO®), a next-generation CAR T-cell therapy engineered with dual downregulation of PD-1 and TIGIT to counteract T-cell exhaustion, received its first regulatory approval in South Korea in April 2026, making it the first CAR T product of its kind to reach the market wi…
Source →Unexpected ¹⁸F-DOPA Uptake in Pediatric Posterior Mediastinal Ewing Sarcoma: A Diagnostic Pitfall in Pediatric Oncology.
Chaurasiya K, et al
A pediatric case of posterior mediastinal Ewing sarcoma demonstrated unexpected avidity for ¹⁸F-DOPA on PET/CT imaging, a finding not previously associated with this tumor type. ¹⁸F-DOPA PET/CT is conventionally used to detect neuroendocrine tumors, neuroblastoma, brain tumors, and congenital hyperi…
Source →Primary mediastinal ectopic thyroid in a 43-year-old woman: A diagnostic and surgical challenge - a case report and literature review.
Wang Z, et al
Surgeons successfully diagnosed and completely resected a rare primary mediastinal ectopic thyroid (PMET) — a benign soft-tissue mass measuring approximately 49 × 37 × 56 mm — in an asymptomatic 43-year-old woman, with preoperative computed tomography angiography (CTA) proving critical for safe surg…
Source →A rare case of metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma presenting without a primary cutaneous lesion: A case report.
Luo N, et al
A 44-year-old male was diagnosed with metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) presenting with no identifiable primary skin lesion, an uncommon and diagnostically challenging phenomenon known as occult-primary MCC. The diagnosis was confirmed through comprehensive immunohistochemical profiling, includ…
Source →Robot‑assisted thoracoscopic surgery for pediatric mediastinal tumors: a 5‑year experience with 168 cases.
Gao Y, et al
A 5-year retrospective study of 168 children demonstrates that robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (RATS) is a safe and feasible approach for resecting mediastinal tumors in pediatric patients as young as 4 months or weighing as little as 7.5 kg. The median operative time was 94.5 minutes with a me…
Source →Diagnostic and Molecular Yield of a Multidisciplinary Team-Guided Combined Endobronchial and Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Sampling Strategy for Mediastinal and Hilar Lymphadenopathy.
Abdelsamad A, et al
A multidisciplinary team (MDT)-guided endosonographic biopsy strategy achieved an overall diagnostic yield of 92% across 213 patients undergoing mediastinal and hilar lymph node sampling, with 91.8% yield in suspected carcinoma cases and 92.4% in suspected benign or lymphoproliferative disease. The …
Source →68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT has high diagnostic efficacy in Tg-positive and Tg-negative differentiated thyroid cancer.
Mou L, et al
A retrospective study of 99 TSH-suppressed differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients demonstrated that 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT achieved a diagnostic accuracy of 95.96%, outperforming standard thyroglobulin (Tg) testing at 91.92%, while in a separate cohort of 48 TSH-stimulated patients the imaging mo…
Source →CT radiomics-histopathological correlation for mediastinal lymph node staging in non-small cell lung cancer.
Legrand J, et al
A machine learning radiomics model built on contrast-enhanced CT scans can predict malignancy in mediastinal lymph nodes of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with clinically positive nodal disease (cN+), achieving an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.703 using a random forest algorithm and 0…
Source →Incidentally detected prevascular mediastinal nodules: An integrated review of imaging, clinical, and epidemiologic features.
Ozawa Y, et al
A comprehensive integrated review concludes that MRI offers superior tissue characterisation over CT alone for the differential diagnosis of incidentally detected prevascular mediastinal nodules, reliably distinguishing cystic from solid lesions, assessing intratumoral architecture, and evaluating t…
Source →Esophageal Perforation During Dilation in a Patient With Hypopharyngeal Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
Ai D, et al
A 75-year-old woman with stage IVa hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma suffered an acute, uncontained cervical esophageal perforation during rigid pharyngeal dilation, immediately complicated by pneumomediastinum, bilateral pneumothoraces, and tension pneumoperitoneum with hemodynamic instability…
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