Latest Research
All publications from the Cancer3.AI database, newest first.
Androgen receptor pathway inhibitor intensification in non-metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer: current evidence and clinical implications.
Willisch P, et al
This narrative review examines the evolving treatment landscape for non-metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (nmHSPC), focusing on the addition of androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPIs) to standard androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men, and while many cases are caught at localized stages, a significant number carry high-risk features that increase the chance of disease recurrence and progression. The review synthesizes evidence from randomized and phase II-III clinical trials suggesting that combining ARPIs with local treatments such as radiotherapy or surgery may meaningfully improve disease control in high-risk nmHSPC patients. Advanced imaging technology, particularly PSMA PET scanning, is highlighted as a key tool for detecting hidden metastatic disease and guiding more precise treatment decisions. The authors conclude that treatment intensification with ARPIs represents a promising strategy for selected patients with early-stage but high-risk prostate cancer, potentially delaying progression and improving outcomes.
Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico
Source →Leydig cell ovarian tumour: a rare cause of hyperandrogenism.
Tseke D, et al
This case report describes a postmenopausal woman who presented with androgenic alopecia and markedly elevated testosterone levels of 16 nmol/L, far exceeding the normal range of 0.4–1.2 nmol/L. Imaging revealed an enlarged right ovary containing a high-density nodule alongside an incidental adrenal nodule, prompting further investigation. The patient underwent bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and pathological analysis confirmed a benign Leydig cell tumour of the right ovary along with Leydig cell hyperplasia of the left ovary. Following surgery, testosterone levels returned to near-normal values, confirming the ovarian origin of the excess androgen production. This case underscores the diagnostic complexity of hyperandrogenism in postmenopausal women and highlights Leydig cell tumours as a rare but important and treatable cause, with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy offering a curative outcome in most patients.
BMJ case reports
Source →Lycopene attenuates DEHP-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis in human granulosa cells via SIRT1-dependent mechanisms.
Ma J, et al
Researchers investigated whether lycopene, a natural antioxidant abundant in tomatoes and other red fruits, could protect human granulosa cells — cells critical for female reproductive function and egg development — from the toxic effects of DEHP, a widely used plasticizer and known endocrine-disrupting chemical found in plastics and consumer products. DEHP exposure was shown to induce significant oxidative stress, impair mitochondrial function, and trigger programmed cell death (apoptosis) in granulosa cells, raising concerns about its impact on ovarian health and female fertility. The study found that lycopene substantially reduced these harmful effects, shielding granulosa cells from DEHP-induced damage through a mechanism dependent on SIRT1, a key protein involved in cellular stress response and energy metabolism. These findings suggest that lycopene acts as a protective agent against environmental reproductive toxins by activating SIRT1-mediated pathways that restore mitochondrial integrity and suppress apoptosis. This research is particularly relevant in the context of growing concern over environmental chemical exposure and its role in declining female fertility, and may open avenues for dietary or pharmacological strategies to protect reproductive health in women exposed to phthalates.
BMC pharmacology & toxicology
Source →A Rare Case of Cutaneous Extramedullary Hematopoiesis in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia.
Christie-Nguyen B, et al
Researchers report a rare case of cutaneous extramedullary hematopoiesis (CEH) occurring in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), a condition in which blood-forming cells abnormally migrate and proliferate within the skin. A 34-year-old Hispanic male presented with multiple skin lesions on the lower extremities, fatigue, leg pain, and an enlarged spleen, and was subsequently diagnosed with chronic-phase CML. Skin biopsy revealed immature and maturing blood cells infiltrating the dermis, and specialized genetic testing confirmed the presence of the BCR::ABL1 fusion gene characteristic of CML within the skin lesions. Treatment was initiated with hydroxyurea and dasatinib before being transitioned to imatinib, which led to resolution of systemic symptoms, normalization of white blood cell counts, and reduction in leg swelling. This case highlights the critical importance of thorough pathological evaluation to distinguish CEH from more aggressive conditions such as blast-phase CML or myeloid sarcoma, as an accurate diagnosis directly determines treatment strategy and patient outcomes.
Journal of cutaneous pathology
Source →SSTR2 expression in EBV-positive and EBV-negative lymphomas.
Brar N, et al
Researchers studied the expression of somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2), a protein that can be used both to image tumors and to deliver targeted therapy, across 407 lymphoma cases from Guatemala, a country with a high prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated lymphomas. The study found that SSTR2 was expressed in 43% of EBV-positive classic Hodgkin lymphomas but in none of the EBV-negative classic Hodgkin lymphoma cases, suggesting that EBV infection plays a role in switching on this receptor, though it is not sufficient on its own. Among other EBV-associated lymphomas, SSTR2 expression was nearly absent, indicating the EBV-SSTR2 link is specific to classic Hodgkin lymphoma. In EBV-negative non-Hodgkin lymphomas, SSTR2 was detected in roughly 17% of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas and follicular lymphomas, with higher rates in more aggressive subtypes, pointing to a possible association with higher-grade germinal center-derived B-cell cancers. These findings are clinically significant because SSTR2-positive tumors may be amenable to somatostatin-based imaging and treatment strategies, potentially opening new diagnostic and therapeutic avenues for subsets of lymphoma patients.
Journal of hematopathology
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