Latest Research
All publications from the Cancer3.AI database, newest first.
IL-18 suppresses retinoblastoma growth while concomitantly inducing an inflammation-/stress-associated and immune-remodeling response.
Chen Z, et al
This study investigated the role of interleukin-18 (IL-18), an immune-signaling protein, in retinoblastoma — a rare but serious eye cancer that predominantly affects young children. Researchers found that IL-18 suppresses the growth of retinoblastoma tumors, demonstrating a meaningful anti-tumor effect of this cytokine in an ocular cancer context. Alongside this tumor-suppressing activity, IL-18 simultaneously triggered inflammation- and cellular stress-associated molecular responses, as well as significant remodeling of the immune environment within the tumor microenvironment. These findings reveal that IL-18 plays a dual biological role in retinoblastoma: limiting cancer progression while actively reshaping how immune cells interact with tumor tissue. The results open potential avenues for developing IL-18-based immunotherapy strategies for retinoblastoma, a disease where treatment options — particularly for advanced or metastatic cases — remain limited.
Cancer cell international
Source →Left brachiocephalic vein replacement and superior vena cava reconstruction with aortic homograft for thymic carcinoma.
Sambataro V, et al
Researchers from a thoracic surgery team report a challenging case of advanced thymic carcinoma — a rare cancer of the thymus gland — in which the tumor had invaded major blood vessels of the mediastinum, including the left brachiocephalic vein and the superior vena cava. The patient was treated with complete en-bloc surgical resection of the tumor along with simultaneous reconstruction of the affected vessels using an aortic homograft, meaning a donated segment of human aortic tissue. This approach differs from the conventional use of synthetic prosthetic conduits, which are more commonly employed in such vascular reconstructions but carry certain limitations including infection risk and thrombogenicity. The successful outcome of this case supports the use of aortic homografts as a clinically advantageous alternative in complex thoracic oncological surgery requiring vascular repair. For patients with advanced thymic carcinoma involving mediastinal vessels, this technique may expand surgical options and potentially improve oncological and postoperative outcomes.
Multimedia manual of cardiothoracic surgery : MMCTS
Source →Demonstration of real-time SDM transmission using 200 and 400 Gb/s pluggable optical transceivers over weakly coupled seven-core fiber for high-speed metro and DCI applications.
Cui J, et al
Researchers demonstrated real-time space-division multiplexed (SDM) optical data transmission using commercial 200 and 400 Gb/s pluggable transceivers over a weakly coupled seven-core optical fiber, achieving aggregate throughputs of 1.4 and 2.8 Terabits per second over an 89-kilometer link. The compact transceivers, housed in CFP2 and QSFP-DD form factors, employed coherent dual-polarization 16QAM modulation combined with lightweight digital signal processing, delivering power budget margins exceeding 7.5 and 8.5 dB respectively, well above the threshold needed for reliable operation. The seven-core fiber exhibited extremely low inter-core crosstalk, confirming that adding spatial channels does not degrade individual channel performance. A complementary field trial over 70.84 kilometers of already-deployed seven-core cable validated the approach under real-world infrastructure conditions. These findings establish that pairing multi-core fiber with off-the-shelf pluggable transceivers is a practical, cost-effective strategy for dramatically expanding the capacity of metro networks and data center interconnections without requiring entirely new infrastructure.
Applied optics
Source →Exportin 1 Inhibitor Combined With Venetoclax Induces Apoptosis in Myelodysplastic Syndrome by Mitochondria-Induced Apoptosis Pathway.
Liu X, et al
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are serious clonal blood cancers with limited treatment options, particularly once patients develop resistance to hypomethylating agents, the current standard of care for high-risk disease. Researchers investigated Exportin 1 (XPO1), a protein that shuttles molecules out of the cell nucleus, analyzing its expression in MDS patient data from the GEO database and testing its inhibitor Selinexor in laboratory cell models. The study found that XPO1 is upregulated in MDS and that Selinexor effectively suppresses MDS cell proliferation and triggers apoptosis by trapping the tumor-suppressor protein p53 inside the nucleus where it can exert its cancer-fighting function. Combining Selinexor with Venetoclax, a Bcl-2 inhibitor already used in certain blood cancers, produced a synergistic effect by elevating reactive oxygen species levels and activating the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, causing greater cancer cell death than either drug alone. These findings position the XPO1 inhibitor plus Venetoclax combination as a scientifically rational and potentially actionable new therapeutic strategy for MDS patients who have exhausted conventional treatment options.
Journal of clinical laboratory analysis
Source →Outcomes of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Hypoplastic Myelodysplastic Syndrome: A Latin American Multicenter Analysis.
Duarte FB, et al
A large multicenter retrospective study examined outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) in patients with hypoplastic myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS-h), a rare subtype of bone marrow failure defined by reduced marrow cellularity, comparing results against patients with normal or hypercellular MDS across 38 centers in Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay between 2012 and 2024. Of 458 total patients analyzed, 69 (15%) were diagnosed with MDS-h, and these patients were more likely to be younger than 65, carry lower disease risk by IPSS-R scoring, and proceed to transplant without prior treatment compared to those with normocellular or hypercellular MDS. At five years after transplantation, MDS-h patients achieved significantly better progression-free survival than their counterparts (hazard ratio 0.63; 95% CI 0.40–0.99; p=0.046), and experienced notably lower relapse rates, suggesting that transplantation delivers strong and durable disease control in this subgroup. Overall survival and non-relapse mortality did not differ significantly between the two groups, indicating that while transplant cures disease more reliably in MDS-h, early mortality risks remain comparable. These findings provide the first large Latin American dataset to support allogeneic HCT as an effective treatment strategy for MDS-h and offer practical guidance for transplant timing and conditioning intensity in this underserved patient population.
Transplantation and cellular therapy
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