Latest Research
All publications from the Cancer3.AI database, newest first.
Anterior Chamber Cholesterolosis in a 1-Year-Old Patient with Coats' Disease. A Case Report.
Slaninová T, et al
Researchers from an ophthalmology clinic reported a rare case of anterior chamber cholesterolosis — an accumulation of cholesterol crystals in the front of the eye — in a 14-month-old boy diagnosed with Coats' disease, a developmental retinal vascular disorder. The case was diagnostically challenging because the clinical picture closely resembled retinoblastoma, a malignant eye tumor common in young children, a phenomenon known as masquerade syndrome. MRI imaging and cytological analysis of fluid aspirated from the eye were crucial in excluding retinoblastoma and confirming the benign nature of the condition. Instead of enucleation (surgical eye removal), which had been the standard approach in all previously published similar cases, the clinical team chose a conservative strategy involving anterior chamber lavage and anti-VEGF injections to reduce abnormal blood vessel activity. Although the eye lost all useful vision and eventually shrank (phthisis bulbi), it remained painless and stable over the long term, demonstrating that eye preservation is a viable and humane alternative. This case highlights the importance of thorough differential diagnosis to avoid unnecessary enucleation in young children with complex anterior segment pathology.
Ceska a slovenska oftalmologie : casopis Ceske oftalmologicke spolecnosti a Slovenske oftalmologicke spolecnosti
Source →Clinical Features and Therapeutic Alternatives in Eyes with Secondary Vasoproliferative Tumors: A Single-Center Turkish Perspective.
Polat G, et al
Researchers at a tertiary eye center in Turkey conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of secondary vasoproliferative retinal tumors (VPRT), rare vascular growths in the eye that arise as a complication of pre-existing retinal diseases. The study included 24 eyes from 21 patients followed for up to 151 months between 2005 and 2025, with a mean patient age of 26.1 years, representing the largest reported Turkish cohort of secondary VPRT. The most common underlying conditions were non-infectious uveitis in 12 patients and retinitis pigmentosa in 5 patients, with tumors most frequently located in the inferotemporal quadrant of the retina. A wide variety of treatments were employed, including dexamethasone implants, transscleral cryotherapy, laser photocoagulation, anti-VEGF injections, CyberKnife radiosurgery, photodynamic therapy, and vitreoretinal surgery, reflecting the complexity and heterogeneity of management required for this condition. Visual outcomes were generally unfavorable, with mean best-corrected visual acuity deteriorating from 0.77 to 1.01 LogMAR, two eyes losing all light perception, and one eye requiring surgical removal. This study underscores that secondary VPRT is a challenging, sight-threatening disease entity requiring individualized multimodal treatment strategies and highlights the essential role of specialized tertiary centers in its diagnosis and management.
Ceska a slovenska oftalmologie : casopis Ceske oftalmologicke spolecnosti a Slovenske oftalmologicke spolecnosti
Source →Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Prostate in a Young Adult.
Tagaylo XJ, et al
Researchers report a rare case of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) of the prostate in a 26-year-old Filipino man who presented with acute urinary retention, a tumor type accounting for less than 1% of all prostate malignancies. Notably, the patient's prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level was within normal limits, yet imaging revealed a large prostate mass with extension into the bladder, demonstrating that a normal PSA does not rule out aggressive prostate tumors in young adults. Initial biopsy at an outside institution misclassified the tumor as a high-grade prostatic adenocarcinoma with a Gleason score of 10, a common but entirely different malignancy requiring a different treatment approach. Slide review with immunohistochemistry at the reporting institution, showing positive reactivity for the muscle-specific markers myogenin and desmin, corrected the diagnosis to ERMS, a primitive tumor arising from immature muscle-forming cells. This case underscores the critical importance of specialized immunohistochemical testing in young patients with prostate masses, as misdiagnosis can lead to inappropriate treatment and worse outcomes. Clinicians should maintain a broad differential diagnosis when evaluating prostate tumors in young adults, especially when PSA is normal and imaging suggests an atypical presentation.
Acta medica Indonesiana
Source →Targeting FLT-3 Mutations in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia: from Molecular Insights to Clinical Strategies.
Afshari M, et al
A comprehensive review published in Folia biologica examines the significance of FLT-3 gene mutations in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), one of the most aggressive blood cancers affecting primarily adults. FLT-3 mutations — particularly internal tandem duplications (ITD) and tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) point mutations — are among the most frequent genetic abnormalities in AML and are directly linked to uncontrolled cell proliferation, high relapse rates, and shorter overall survival. The authors trace the development of targeted therapies from first-generation inhibitors such as midostaurin, which established the proof of concept for this approach, to newer and more selective agents including gilteritinib and quizartinib, which have demonstrated superior clinical efficacy and improved tolerability in patients. Persistent challenges including acquired drug resistance and high relapse rates remain major obstacles, prompting active investigation of combination treatment strategies and novel compounds currently in clinical trials. These findings highlight the critical importance of routine molecular testing at diagnosis and reinforce the expanding role of precision oncology in improving long-term outcomes for FLT-3-mutated AML patients.
Folia biologica
Source →A case of renal primary neuroendocrine tumor (G3) in which 177Lu-PRRT was effective for disease control.
Inaba S, et al
Primary renal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are exceptionally rare malignancies for which no standard treatment exists in advanced or metastatic settings, leaving clinicians with limited therapeutic options. This case report describes a 30-year-old man diagnosed with a high-grade (G3) primary renal NET accompanied by liver metastases, whose disease progressed despite treatment with the mTOR inhibitor everolimus. He subsequently received 177Lu-DOTATATE (Lutathera®), a form of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) that delivers targeted radiation specifically to tumor cells expressing somatostatin receptors on their surface. Although tumor growth continued after the first treatment cycle, disease stabilization was achieved from the second cycle onward and was maintained for 12 months without any severe adverse events, preserving the patient's quality of life. This case provides early but encouraging evidence that 177Lu-PRRT may represent a safe and effective salvage treatment strategy for patients with high-grade, somatostatin receptor-positive renal NETs who have exhausted other available therapies.
Urology case reports
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