Latest Research
All publications from the Cancer3.AI database, newest first.
Cutaneous Acral Presentation of Indolent Mantle Cell Lymphoma With Prominent Nail Involvement and Atypical Immunophenotype.
Sun QW, et al
Researchers report the first known case of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), a typically aggressive B-cell blood cancer, presenting exclusively as painful, swollen skin plaques and nail dystrophy confined to the toes of both feet in a 56-year-old man. The patient had experienced these symptoms for five years without any enlarged lymph nodes or involvement of internal organs, classifying his disease as an unusually indolent form of MCL. Comprehensive laboratory evaluation, including fluorescence in situ hybridization confirming the characteristic IGH/CCND1 gene rearrangement, established the MCL diagnosis despite an atypical immunophenotype lacking the expected markers CD5 and SOX-11. The tumor also demonstrated an uncommon plasmacytic differentiation, adding further diagnostic complexity and mimicking other types of cutaneous B-cell lymphoma. This case underscores that MCL can behave in a slow-growing, localized manner and manifest in highly unusual anatomical sites, making accurate diagnosis difficult without extensive molecular and immunophenotypic testing. Clinicians encountering unexplained skin lymphomas of the extremities should include MCL in the differential diagnosis even when conventional immunohistochemical markers are absent.
Journal of cutaneous pathology
Source →Management Approach of Adrenal Incidentaloma.
Kabbani M, et al
A comprehensive literature review published in the Journal of Laparoendoscopic and Advanced Surgical Techniques examined the growing clinical challenge of adrenal incidentalomas — adrenal gland tumors discovered by chance during imaging for unrelated conditions — which now appear in 1 to 5 percent of CT scans and up to 8.7 percent at autopsy. Researchers proposed a structured three-pillar diagnostic framework covering imaging assessment using Hounsfield unit density and contrast washout, full hormonal evaluation for cortisol excess, aldosterone excess, and pheochromocytoma, and longitudinal growth monitoring. Key findings established that lesions below 10 Hounsfield units carry zero malignancy risk, those above 20 carry a 6.3 percent risk, and tumor growth exceeding 0.8 cm per year is predictive of malignancy. Approximately 27.5 percent of incidentalomas are hormonally active, with mild autonomous cortisol secretion being the most common subtype, and landmark randomized controlled trials now support surgical removal in carefully selected patients with associated cardiovascular or metabolic comorbidities. This evidence-based framework marks a paradigm shift away from treating downstream complications medically toward surgically eliminating the underlying hormonal source, with minimally invasive adrenalectomy confirmed as the gold standard approach.
Journal of laparoendoscopic & advanced surgical techniques. Part A
Source →Detection of Optic Canal Invasion in Suprasellar Meningiomas on MRI: Education Improves Clinician Accuracy and Interrater Reliability.
Kim B, et al
This study examined how accurately clinicians from five different professional groups — general neurosurgeons, general radiologists, skull base fellowship neurosurgeons, radiology trainees, and neurosurgery trainees — could detect optic canal invasion (OCI) on preoperative MRI scans in patients with suprasellar meningiomas, a finding critical for surgical planning and prognosis. Twenty-five readers independently assessed 26 consecutive MRI studies before and after completing a targeted educational intervention, with consensus interpretation by two fellowship-trained neuroradiologists serving as the reference standard. Before education, median diagnostic accuracy for medial canal invasion was only 57–65% across all groups, and interrater reliability was rated as very poor; accuracy for lateral canal invasion was approximately 80% with fair agreement. Following the educational training, accuracy improved to 77–85% for medial canal invasion and approximately 90% for lateral canal invasion across all groups, with interrater reliability rising to moderate agreement levels in both categories. These improvements were statistically significant in nearly all clinician groups regardless of years of experience or level of training. The findings strongly support implementing standardized MRI education as part of routine clinical training for multidisciplinary teams managing suprasellar meningiomas, helping to reduce diagnostic variability and improve patient outcomes.
AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology
Source →Catalytic ROS-Amplifying Self-Immolative Linkers Enable Carrier-Free Prodrugs for Refractory Tumors.
Zhou Q, et al
Researchers have developed a novel chemical linker — a phenylselanyl cyclohexenone self-immolative linker — that exploits the elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) found inside tumor cells to selectively activate anticancer drugs while simultaneously amplifying the oxidative stress that kills cancer cells. Unlike conventional ROS-responsive drug systems, which are depleted as they react, this new linker initiates a catalytic selenium-based redox cycle that continuously increases oxidative burden within cancer cells, weakening the antioxidant defenses that tumors use to resist chemotherapy. The system operates without any external trigger or complex drug-delivery carrier: the prodrug remains stable in normal tissue but is efficiently activated by the tumor's own chemical environment. In laboratory and preclinical models of breast cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and patient-derived leukemia, prodrugs built on this platform showed improved drug distribution throughout the tumor, substantially reduced toxicity to healthy tissue, and stronger antitumor effects compared to conventional drug forms. This modular linker strategy is compatible with a wide range of existing chemotherapeutics and small-molecule inhibitors, making it a broadly applicable tool for turning existing drugs into next-generation prodrugs. The findings offer a promising path toward overcoming drug resistance in difficult-to-treat cancers without requiring nanomaterial carriers or external activation sources, which could ease clinical translation.
Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)
Source →Cystic neoplasms of pancreas.
Koduri KK, et al
This comprehensive review examines pancreatic cystic neoplasms (PCNs), a heterogeneous group of lesions increasingly detected through the widespread use of cross-sectional imaging such as CT and MRI. The major subtypes—intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms, mucinous cystic neoplasms, serous cystic neoplasms, solid pseudopapillary neoplasms, and cystic neuroendocrine tumors—differ substantially in their malignant potential, clinical features, and required management. Accurate diagnosis relies on a stepwise approach combining high-quality imaging, endoscopic ultrasound with cyst fluid analysis, and emerging technologies including molecular testing, micro-forceps biopsy, and confocal endomicroscopy. International guidelines advocate a risk-stratified strategy, recommending surgical resection for high-risk lesions such as main-duct IPMNs, all SPNs, and MCNs measuring 4 cm or larger, while lower-risk cysts may be safely monitored over time. Importantly, Indian patient series reveal a younger age at presentation and a higher prevalence of MCN and SPN compared to Western cohorts, yet with a lower overall rate of malignancy, highlighting meaningful regional differences in disease epidemiology. These findings emphasize that clinicians must apply tailored, guideline-driven management strategies while accounting for evolving diagnostic tools and the long-term risks of post-operative pancreatic insufficiency.
Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology
Source →