Latest Research
All publications from the Cancer3.AI database, newest first.
Primary Vaginal Epithelioid Haemangioendothelioma with Pulmonary Metastasis: A case report and review of the literature.
Al Shuaili A, et al
Researchers from Oman have reported the first known case of primary vaginal epithelioid haemangioendothelioma (EHE), an extremely rare vascular cancer of intermediate malignancy, in a 31-year-old woman who presented to a tertiary hospital in Muscat in 2023. The tumor was locally invasive and subsequently spread to the lungs, demonstrating the unpredictable and aggressive potential of this ultra-rare malignancy. Despite systemic chemotherapy, the disease continued to progress, and the patient was transitioned to palliative care, underscoring the limited treatment options currently available. The report details the clinical, radiological, and histopathological features of the case, including the molecular markers that help distinguish EHE from epithelioid angiosarcoma, a more aggressive tumor that can look similar under the microscope. This case emphasizes the critical importance of molecular confirmation in diagnosing rare vascular tumors and highlights the diagnostic challenges clinicians face when encountering such uncommon malignancies in atypical anatomical locations.
Sultan Qaboos University medical journal
Source →Indocyanine Green Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping as a Tool for Personalized Surgical Management in Uterine Corpus Cancer: A Single-Center Comparative Study.
Nowak K, et al
A new study published in the Journal of Personalized Medicine evaluated the safety and effectiveness of sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping using indocyanine green (ICG) dye as a surgical staging tool for uterine corpus cancer, comparing it with other lymph node dissection approaches in 161 patients. Researchers found that SLN mapping was associated with a 0% complication rate and a shorter hospital stay compared to systemic lymphadenectomy and one-sided pelvic lymph node resection, which had complication rates of 12% and 25%, respectively. Obesity emerged as a significant risk factor, with complication rates rising to 5.1% in obese patients and 9.1% in severely obese patients, while the number of lymph nodes successfully removed also declined with increasing body mass index. Successful ICG injection and SLN identification were significantly more frequent when the dedicated SLN mapping procedure was used. The findings suggest that SLN mapping is a safer, minimally invasive alternative for lymph node staging in uterine cancer, though patient selection and individualized surgical planning remain critical, particularly for obese patients.
Journal of personalized medicine
Source →Head and neck cancer of unknown primary: a nationwide analysis of hospital-based cancer registry data in Japan, 2018-2022.
Rikitake R, et al
A new nationwide study from Japan examined head and neck cancers of unknown primary origin — rare metastatic tumors for which the original cancer site cannot be identified — using hospital registry data collected between 2018 and 2022. Researchers identified 1,636 new cases, finding the condition was most common in men and in patients aged 70 to 74 years, with human papillomavirus (HPV) positivity being more prevalent in younger patients aged 45 to 59. Over the study period, both viral testing rates and HPV positivity increased, yet they remained lower compared to oropharyngeal cancer cases, and certified head and neck cancer centers performed viral testing more frequently than non-certified facilities. These findings highlight significant disparities in diagnostic practices across institutions, raising concerns about equitable access to standardized cancer care for patients with this rare condition. The authors conclude that continued national surveillance and efforts to standardize viral testing protocols are essential to improving outcomes for affected patients.
International journal of clinical oncology
Source →Urine culture-guided antibiotic prophylaxis reduces febrile pyelonephritis after ureteral stent removal following radical cystectomy.
Kitano H, et al
A new study published in the World Journal of Urology investigated whether tailoring antibiotic prophylaxis based on urine culture results could reduce serious infections following ureteral stent removal in patients who had undergone radical cystectomy with intestinal urinary diversion for bladder cancer. Researchers retrospectively analyzed 128 patients treated between 2009 and 2025, comparing those who received culture-guided antibiotic selection against those who received standard empirical antibiotics. The results were striking: febrile pyelonephritis, a potentially serious kidney infection, occurred in only 3% of patients in the culture-guided group compared to 16% in the empirical group. Statistical analysis confirmed that culture-guided prophylaxis was an independent protective factor against infection, while the use of antithrombotic therapy was identified as an independent risk factor. These findings suggest that routinely obtaining urine cultures before ureteral stent removal and selecting antibiotics accordingly is an effective and evidence-based strategy to protect a vulnerable patient population from preventable post-operative infections.
World journal of urology
Source →Solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma of the tongue: a case report.
Bouallou M, et al
Researchers report an exceptionally rare case of extramedullary plasmacytoma — a type of plasma cell tumor — arising on the underside of the tongue in a 35-year-old man, who noticed a slowly growing, painless lump over five months. Microscopic and immunochemical analysis confirmed the mass consisted of abnormal plasma cells producing a single type of antibody protein, while extensive testing ruled out multiple myeloma, a more widespread and serious blood cancer. The patient was treated with targeted radiation therapy delivering 50 gray over 25 sessions, achieving complete remission with no loss of tongue function. After nine months of follow-up, there was no sign of recurrence or progression to multiple myeloma. This case highlights that plasma cell tumors can appear in highly unusual locations such as the tongue and may be mistaken for more common oral cancers, making an accurate, multidisciplinary diagnosis essential. Clinicians are reminded that even after successful treatment, lifelong monitoring is necessary because of the small but real risk of late relapse or transformation into multiple myeloma.
International journal of surgery case reports
Source →