Latest Research
All publications from the Cancer3.AI database, newest first.
Spectrum of Movement Disorders in Hematological Malignancies: A Comprehensive Systematic Review of Clinical Phenotypes, Mechanisms, and Outcomes.
Garg RK, et al
A new systematic review published in Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements analyzed 252 reported cases of movement disorders occurring in patients with blood cancers, including lymphoid, myeloid, and plasma-cell malignancies, to define their clinical patterns, underlying mechanisms, and outcomes. Researchers found that each type of blood cancer tends to produce a distinct neurological profile: lymphoid malignancies most often caused cerebellar ataxia, myeloid cancers were linked to hyperkinetic movements such as chorea and hemiballismus, and plasma-cell neoplasms were associated primarily with parkinsonism. The mechanisms behind these movement disorders also differed by cancer type, with lymphoid malignancies frequently involving direct brain infiltration or immune-mediated injury, while myeloid disorders were more often driven by systemic or treatment-related causes. Importantly, neurological improvement was observed in the majority of patients after treatment of the underlying blood cancer, highlighting that early recognition of these movement disorders can lead to meaningful clinical benefit. These findings provide clinicians with a practical framework for diagnosing and managing movement disorders in patients with hematological cancers, a population in which such neurological complications have historically been underappreciated.
Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.)
Source →Different primary thyroid B-cell lymphomas show overlapping mutation profiles, suggesting involvement of a common pathogenic process.
Tzioni M, et al
Researchers investigated the genetic mutation profiles of 97 primary thyroid lymphomas, including three distinct subtypes: extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (EMZL), follicular lymphoma (FL), and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), all of which frequently arise in the context of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, an autoimmune condition of the thyroid. Using targeted next-generation sequencing, the study found a striking overlap in mutation patterns among EMZL, BCL2-translocation-negative FL, and DLBCL, with all three subtypes commonly carrying mutations in genes such as TET2, CD274, FAS, and TNFRSF14, which are involved in immune regulation and B-cell survival. In contrast, BCL2-translocation-positive FL displayed a distinct mutation signature more typical of systemic follicular lymphoma, involving genes like BCL2, KMT2D, CREBBP, and EZH2. The study also revealed that BCL6 gene translocations in thyroid FL tend to drive abnormal BCL6 protein expression, while similar translocations in thyroid EMZL are structurally different and less likely to activate BCL6, pointing to divergent molecular mechanisms despite histological similarities. These findings shed important light on why different thyroid lymphoma subtypes can appear similar under the microscope, and suggest that autoimmune processes disrupting B-cell regulation may be a shared driver of lymphoma development in the thyroid gland. For clinicians, this work provides a molecular framework that could eventually improve diagnostic precision and inform more targeted therapeutic strategies for patients with primary thyroid lymphoma.
Haematologica
Source →Development and validation of a CT-based deep learning radiomics model for differentiating parathyroid adenoma from atypical parathyroid tumor/parathyroid carcinoma.
Wen S, et al
Researchers developed and validated a CT-based artificial intelligence model to help surgeons distinguish between benign parathyroid adenomas and more dangerous atypical parathyroid tumors or parathyroid carcinomas before surgery. The retrospective study analyzed CT scans from 358 patients who underwent surgery between 2016 and 2024, combining deep learning image features, radiomic texture features, and clinical blood test data into a single predictive model. The combined model achieved an area under the curve of 0.976 in training and 0.878 in testing, with accuracy reaching 93% and 82% respectively, outperforming models built from any single data source alone. Elevated serum parathyroid hormone level was identified as an independent predictor of malignant or atypical disease. These findings are clinically meaningful because correctly identifying aggressive parathyroid tumors before surgery allows for more extensive resection and reduces the risk of recurrence or incomplete treatment. The model has the potential to support personalized surgical planning and spare patients with benign disease from unnecessarily radical operations.
European journal of radiology
Source →Bilateral ovarian steroid cell tumor in a postmenopausal woman with progressive hyperandrogenism.
Tapia Sanchiz MS, et al
Researchers report a rare case of a 71-year-old postmenopausal woman who developed severe hyperandrogenism — abnormally high levels of male hormones — caused by a bilateral ovarian steroid cell tumor, a very uncommon type of hormone-secreting ovarian growth. The patient presented with progressive hirsutism, hair loss, and other signs of virilization over one to two years, with free testosterone levels more than 20 times above the normal postmenopausal range. Notably, standard imaging studies including CT scans and ultrasound failed to detect the tumors, highlighting the diagnostic challenge these cases pose. Based on strong clinical suspicion, surgeons performed a bilateral removal of the ovaries, and histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of steroid cell tumor, not otherwise specified, on both sides. Within one month of surgery, testosterone levels normalized and hirsutism began to improve. This case underscores the importance of proceeding to surgical exploration in postmenopausal women with severe hyperandrogenism even when imaging results are negative, as timely intervention can be curative.
JCEM case reports
Source →Ferroptosis-related ceRNA axis regulates the apoptosis and proliferation of uveal melanoma cells through MAPRE2.
Wang H, et al
Researchers investigated the role of a ferroptosis-related competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network in uveal melanoma, a rare and aggressive form of eye cancer that originates in the pigmented layer of the eye. The study focused on how non-coding RNAs interact with messenger RNAs to control the expression of MAPRE2, a microtubule-associated protein, and how this axis influences cancer cell behavior. The findings reveal that this ceRNA network regulates both apoptosis (programmed cell death) and proliferation of uveal melanoma cells through MAPRE2, linking iron-dependent cell death pathways to tumor growth control. These results identify potential new molecular targets for therapeutic intervention in uveal melanoma, a cancer with limited treatment options and poor prognosis once it metastasizes. Understanding this regulatory axis could help clinicians develop more precise treatments aimed at triggering ferroptotic or apoptotic pathways in tumor cells.
Functional & integrative genomics
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