Latest Research
All publications from the Cancer3.AI database, newest first.
Management Strategies for Hypertensive Crises: A Systematic Review of Evidence-Based Approaches.
Elbadri A, et al
A systematic review published in Cureus examined evidence-based pharmacological strategies for managing hypertensive crises — acute, severe elevations in blood pressure that encompass both emergencies and urgencies and are associated with significant organ damage and death. Researchers screened 629 records and identified six qualifying studies from India, Taiwan, the United States, Ethiopia, the Netherlands, and Europe, including two randomised controlled trials, two retrospective cohort studies, and two cross-sectional studies. Key findings showed that continuous intravenous infusion achieved the fastest blood pressure reduction, whereas intravenous bolus administration alone was linked to the shortest intensive care unit stay, and treated emergency department patients showed reduced three-year and five-year mortality despite no significant difference in time to initial blood pressure control. Overall ICU mortality stood at 8%, with acute kidney injury occurring in 20–30% of patients whose hypertensive emergencies were complicated by heart failure, and current guidelines advise against routine aggressive early blood pressure lowering in acute ischaemic stroke due to lack of proven benefit and potential harm. Both phenoxybenzamine and doxazosin proved equally effective in preventing haemodynamic instability during pheochromocytoma surgery, with zero 30-day mortality recorded. These findings emphasise that optimal pharmacological management of hypertensive crises must be individualised according to clinical setting, underlying aetiology, and the presence or absence of target organ damage.
Cureus
Source →Unusual Association of a Thymic Cyst and Thymolipoma: A Case Report.
Zahouani K, et al
A new case report published in Cureus describes an exceptionally rare coexistence of a multilocular thymic cyst arising within a thymolipoma, identified in a 68-year-old woman who presented with a large mass in the anterosuperior mediastinum. Pre-operative imaging was strongly suggestive of a thymoma, a potentially malignant thymic tumor, demonstrating the well-known limitations of radiological techniques when evaluating anterior mediastinal lesions. The patient underwent complete surgical excision, and subsequent histopathological examination confirmed the entirely benign nature of the mass, revealing multiple cystic spaces lined by normal epithelium embedded in thymic tissue largely replaced by mature adipose tissue containing residual Hassall's corpuscles and no evidence of cytological atypia or invasion. The simultaneous occurrence of these two distinct benign thymic entities is considered exceptionally uncommon in the medical literature and represents a meaningful diagnostic pitfall, as it can closely mimic malignant tumors on imaging and potentially lead to overdiagnosis. This case emphasizes that histopathological analysis remains the gold standard for the definitive characterization of mediastinal masses, helping clinicians avoid unnecessarily aggressive interventions. Complete surgical resection was associated with an excellent prognosis, reinforcing its role as the treatment of choice for such benign thymic lesions.
Cureus
Source →Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation following T-cell-directed immunotherapy failure in B-cell lymphoma: a real-world case series and systematic literature review.
Kim DH, et al
Researchers investigated whether allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) — a procedure that replaces a patient's blood-forming cells with those from a healthy donor — can serve as a rescue treatment for patients with B-cell lymphoma whose disease progressed after modern T-cell-based immunotherapies such as CAR-T cell therapy or bispecific antibodies. The study combined a real-world case series of four patients treated at a single center with a systematic review of six published studies on the same topic. Key findings showed that one-year overall survival exceeded 50% following allo-HSCT after CAR-T failure, with transplant-related mortality ranging from 20% to 33%, and prior CAR-T exposure did not appear to significantly worsen transplant toxicity. Two of the four patients in the case series achieved durable remission, while two experienced early relapse or transplant-related death, illustrating the procedure's potential and risks. Patients transplanted after bispecific antibody therapy required particularly careful monitoring for infections, highlighting a need for further prospective studies in this group. These findings suggest that allo-HSCT remains a viable curative option for carefully selected patients with B-cell lymphoma who have exhausted newer immunotherapy approaches, especially when disease is under control at the time of transplant.
Leukemia & lymphoma
Source →Malignant ovarian granulosa cell tumour of corpus luteum origin in a California sea lion (Zalophuscalifornianus).
Stedman N, et al
Researchers report a rare and aggressive case of malignant granulosa cell tumour (GCT) in a 19-year-old female California sea lion under managed care, representing an unusual presentation of this type of ovarian cancer. The tumour originated within a corpus luteum — the temporary hormonal structure that forms after ovulation — without causing the ovarian enlargement typically associated with GCTs, making early detection particularly challenging. Despite its small primary size, the cancer spread rapidly to at least ten organ systems including the brain and bone marrow, with an exceptionally high proliferation index (Ki67 of 85%) and mitotic count, indicating an extremely aggressive biological behaviour. The sea lion had delivered a stillborn pup just five months before euthanasia, suggesting the entire disease course from tumour onset to fatal metastatic spread occurred within that brief window. This case highlights that GCTs can arise within corpus luteum tissue, grow without obvious ovarian enlargement, and follow an unusually aggressive course, findings that may inform diagnostic awareness in both veterinary and comparative oncology settings.
Journal of comparative pathology
Source →Single-cell dissection of pleural and systemic immunity uncovers pathogen-specific immune reprogramming in tuberculosis versus lung adenocarcinoma.
Yu S, et al
Researchers compared the immune environments of two conditions that both cause fluid buildup around the lungs—lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and tuberculosis (TB)—using single-cell gene expression analysis and immune cell tracking in matched samples from pleural fluid and blood. In TB, the immune system mounted a strong, aggressive inflammatory response dominated by Th1/17 T cells, activated B cells, and pro-inflammatory myeloid signals, reflecting the body's active effort to fight infection. In LUAD, however, potentially cancer-fighting immune cells—including CD4 T cells and cytotoxic CD8 GZMH+ T cells—were systematically suppressed by immunosuppressive signals from the tumor microenvironment, including signals from the extracellular matrix and pathways such as MDK-NCL, FN1-CD44, and THBS1-CD47. Myeloid cells in LUAD, particularly monocytes and dendritic cells, were found to send communication signals via IL16 and VISFATIN pathways that strongly correlated with patient survival outcomes. These findings reveal the distinct molecular mechanisms by which cancer and infection differently reprogram local and systemic immunity, offering potential new targets for immunotherapy in lung cancer and improved diagnostic markers to distinguish the two conditions clinically.
Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.]
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