Latest Research
All publications from the Cancer3.AI database, newest first.
Predicting long-term absolute risk of lung cancer in Hodgkin lymphoma patients.
Roshani S, et al
Researchers in the Netherlands developed a prediction tool to estimate the long-term risk of lung cancer in survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma, a cancer most commonly diagnosed in young adults. Using data from over 5,300 patients treated between 1965 and 2012, the team found that older age, male sex, smoking at the time of lymphoma diagnosis, and higher radiation dose to the lungs were all associated with significantly greater lung cancer risk. Among smokers, the estimated 30-year absolute risk of developing lung cancer reached a median of 6.9%, compared to just 1.2% in non-smokers, highlighting the critical role of smoking in compounding radiation-related risk. The prediction model demonstrated good discriminatory performance, with an area under the curve of 0.79 at 20 years and 0.75 at 30 years after diagnosis. This tool enables clinicians to identify which Hodgkin lymphoma survivors face the highest lung cancer risk based on their individual treatment history and smoking status, supporting more targeted and personalized long-term follow-up care.
Journal of the National Cancer Institute
Source →Current evidence and strategies for bridging therapy in CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphomas.
Lv J, et al
This review article examines bridging therapy (BT), a critical but understandized component of CAR T-cell treatment for patients with relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma (R/R LBCL). Because CAR T-cells must be manufactured in a laboratory over several weeks after collection from the patient, bridging therapy is administered during this waiting period to prevent the cancer from progressing and to keep patients eligible for the potentially curative infusion. The authors systematically evaluated evidence from clinical trials and real-world studies on various BT approaches, including chemotherapy, targeted agents such as bispecific antibodies and polatuzumab vedotin, and radiotherapy, assessing their effectiveness and safety profiles in this specific context. The review found that while BT can successfully stabilize or reduce disease burden and may help optimize the tumor microenvironment to improve CAR T-cell performance, significant unanswered questions remain regarding the best use of bispecific antibodies, optimal timing of Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and standardization of radiotherapy protocols. For clinicians, this comprehensive synthesis highlights that thoughtful, individualized selection of bridging strategies has real potential to improve survival outcomes for one of the most challenging patient populations in hematologic oncology.
Annals of hematology
Source →Leveraging paired germline and somatic analysis to improve the classification of DDX41 variants.
George A, et al
Researchers at a single center studied 239 patients with suspected or confirmed blood cancers over four years to better understand variants in the DDX41 gene, which is known to increase the risk of myelodysplasia and acute myeloid leukemia when mutated in the germline. The study identified 136 unique DDX41 variants and found that among patients carrying both a germline and a somatic DDX41 variant, nearly half of the germline variants could not be definitively classified as harmful under current international guidelines, leaving them as variants of uncertain significance. This ambiguity has serious practical consequences, because relatives carrying these unclassified variants are typically excluded from donating bone marrow for transplantation, even when the evidence strongly suggests the variant is disease-causing. The authors argue that current American College of Medical Genetics and CanVIG-UK guidelines should be updated to allow co-occurrence with known recurrent somatic driver mutations as supporting evidence of pathogenicity, a criterion currently not permitted. The study proposes specific rule modifications to create DDX41-specific classification guidance, which would significantly improve transplant donor selection decisions and patient care.
British journal of haematology
Source →Pituitary Metastasis as the Initial Manifestation of an Undiagnosed Adenocarcinoma of Mullerian Origin: A Case Report and Literature Review.
Sulaimanova A, et al
Researchers present a rare case report of an 86-year-old woman whose first signs of cancer were neurological symptoms caused by a tumor in the pituitary gland, the small hormone-regulating gland at the base of the brain. The patient experienced dizziness, vision loss, extreme thirst, and fatigue, and imaging revealed a 1.8 cm mass compressing the optic chiasm, the nerve crossing that controls peripheral vision. Surgical removal and detailed laboratory analysis, including immunohistochemical staining, identified the tumor as metastatic high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma, a serious form of ovarian cancer, making this only the second such case ever reported. Subsequent whole-body PET scanning then uncovered the primary source: a 5.1 cm ovarian mass along with widespread liver and lymph node metastases, meaning the cancer had already spread extensively before any diagnosis was made. This case underscores the importance for clinicians to consider distant metastasis, including from gynecological cancers, when evaluating unusual pituitary lesions, particularly in elderly women presenting with diabetes insipidus and vision changes.
International journal of surgical pathology
Source →Pituitary neuroendocrine tumor with transsellar anastomosis concomitant with internal carotid artery agenesis: illustrative case.
Tashiro R, et al
Researchers report the first known case of a pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET) occurring alongside a rare congenital absence of one internal carotid artery, a condition in which a delicate blood vessel crossing through the tumor's location served as the only blood supply to the pituitary gland. A 46-year-old woman with significantly elevated prolactin levels and a growing pituitary tumor underwent endoscopic surgery through the nose after failing medical treatment, with preoperative imaging — including digital subtraction angiography — revealing this unusual vascular anatomy. Surgeons successfully removed the entire tumor while carefully preserving the fragile collateral vessel by maintaining the natural tissue boundary known as the arachnoid plane. After surgery, the patient's vision and hormone levels returned to normal with no hormonal deficiencies, and laboratory analysis confirmed the tumor was a prolactin-secreting lactotroph PitNET. This case demonstrates that detailed vascular imaging before pituitary surgery is critical, as unrecognized anomalous blood vessels could be inadvertently damaged, potentially causing permanent hormonal or neurological harm. Neurosurgeons are advised to consider digital subtraction angiography when unusual vascular anatomy is suspected, enabling safer surgical planning and better outcomes for patients with complex pituitary tumors.
Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons
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