Latest Research
All publications from the Cancer3.AI database, newest first.
Liver and peritoneal metastases of unknown primary site: French Intergroup Clinical Practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up (TNCD, SNFGE, FFCD, UNICANCER, GERCOR, SFCD, SFED, SFP, SFR, ACHBT, SFRO, SNFCP, AFEF, RENAPE, NET-CAPI).
Watson S, et al
French medical and surgical societies have published comprehensive clinical practice guidelines for managing liver and peritoneal metastases arising from cancer of unknown primary (CUP) syndrome, covering diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. The guidelines recommend a thorough diagnostic workup combining CT and MRI imaging, endoscopy, and biopsy of metastatic sites, with early molecular profiling to identify the likely tissue of origin and detect actionable genetic alterations. Treatment is individualized based on patient condition, metastatic sites, and molecular characteristics, and must be discussed in dedicated expert multidisciplinary tumor boards. Platinum-based chemotherapy remains the standard approach for undifferentiated tumors, while molecularly guided therapies should be offered whenever possible, and surgery may be considered for selected patients with limited or isolated peritoneal disease. These guidelines aim to standardize and improve daily clinical practice across France, emphasizing that each CUP case warrants discussion at a specialized multidisciplinary board given the complexity of the disease.
European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990)
Source →Clinical management of cancer after kidney transplantation.
Hiramitsu T, et al
A new review published in Frontiers in Immunology examines the complex challenge of managing cancer in patients who have received a kidney transplant. Kidney transplant recipients face a significantly elevated risk of developing malignancies because immunosuppressive drugs, used to prevent organ rejection, simultaneously weaken the body's ability to detect and destroy cancer cells. The review outlines a comprehensive framework for cancer prevention, including careful selection of immunosuppressive regimens, vaccination strategies, and rigorous screening protocols tailored to high-risk patients. When cancer does develop, treatment options range from surgical resection to systemic therapies such as chemotherapy and newer immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and CAR-T cell therapy, all of which must be carefully balanced against the risk of triggering graft rejection. The authors emphasize that immunosuppressive medications often need to be adjusted after a cancer diagnosis to reduce recurrence risk without compromising the transplanted kidney. This review provides clinicians with an up-to-date roadmap for navigating one of the most difficult long-term complications of kidney transplantation.
Frontiers in immunology
Source →Case Report: A case of jejunal T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma with secondary bone involvement presenting as gastrointestinal perforation.
Gao Y, et al
Researchers from Frontiers in Medicine have published a case report describing an unusually aggressive presentation of enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL), a rare subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma linked to celiac disease, in a 69-year-old woman. The patient initially presented with gastroduodenal perforation and acute peritonitis, and two months later required emergency surgery for a second small intestinal perforation before the diagnosis of EATL was confirmed through postoperative tissue analysis. Notably, further diagnostic workup also revealed secondary bone involvement, an exceptionally rare finding in this disease that added further complexity to her care. This case highlights the severe diagnostic challenges posed by EATL, which can masquerade as a surgical emergency before the underlying malignancy is identified. Clinicians are urged to maintain a high level of suspicion for lymphoma in patients with recurrent or unexplained gastrointestinal perforations, pursue repeated biopsies, and engage multidisciplinary teams early to improve outcomes in this highly aggressive cancer.
Frontiers in medicine
Source →Gut microbe Terrisporobacter promotes papillary thyroid carcinoma progression by upregulating the NTRK1 oncogene and fostering an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
Li J, et al
Researchers investigated whether a gut bacterium called Terrisporobacter plays a causal role in the development and progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), the most common form of thyroid cancer. Using Mendelian randomization — a genetic technique that can infer cause-and-effect relationships — combined with analysis of 450 PTC patient samples from a major cancer database and laboratory experiments, the team found that higher levels of Terrisporobacter more than double the risk of developing PTC. The bacterium appears to drive cancer progression by switching on the NTRK1 oncogene, which in turn promotes tumor cell growth, invasion, and loss of normal cell identity, while also reshaping the tumor's immune environment to be more permissive to cancer by increasing immunosuppressive M2 macrophages and reducing cancer-fighting CD8+ T cells. Critically, blocking the TRK signaling pathway with existing drugs reversed the aggressive behavior induced by the bacterium in laboratory cell models. These findings establish a novel gut-thyroid axis and suggest that targeting Terrisporobacter or the NTRK1 pathway could represent new therapeutic strategies for thyroid cancer patients.
Frontiers in immunology
Source →A prospective cohort study of the factors associated with recurrence in young patients with thyroid cancer.
Shio K, et al
A prospective cohort study published in the Journal of the Endocrine Society examined long-term recurrence patterns in 213 young patients aged 5 to 19 years who underwent surgery for thyroid cancer at Fukushima Medical University Hospital between 2012 and 2020. Over a median follow-up of eight years, 8% of patients experienced cancer recurrence, a notably lower rate than the 20% reported in some previous studies. The strongest predictor of recurrence was younger age, particularly being under 15 years old, while other factors such as lymph node spread and intra-thyroidal dissemination lost statistical significance once age was accounted for. Importantly, patients who underwent unilateral lobectomy — removal of only one lobe of the thyroid — did not have a higher recurrence risk compared to those who had more extensive surgery. These findings suggest that younger pediatric patients warrant closer long-term monitoring, and that less aggressive surgical approaches may be appropriate for some young thyroid cancer patients without compromising outcomes.
Journal of the Endocrine Society
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