Latest Research
All publications from the Cancer3.AI database, newest first.
Translationally-Relevant Tumor Resection Model for Murine Preclinical Models of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
Sunga GM, et al
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the most prevalent form of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, is primarily treated with surgical tumor removal followed by chemotherapy and radiation, yet long-term survival for advanced or recurrent disease remains poor and incidence is projected to rise. Researchers developed a novel, simplified syngeneic orthotopic murine model that more accurately recapitulates the clinical standard of care by combining tumor implantation in the buccal mucosa with subtotal surgical resection. Unlike existing preclinical models that rely exclusively on non-surgical treatments or require complex microsurgical techniques and additional tumor-supporting reagents, this new approach consistently produces measurable tumor recurrence following resection. The model provides a valuable experimental platform for studying the mechanisms of locoregional tumor recurrence and treatment resistance in a clinically relevant context. By capturing tumor biology at the window when patients typically begin adjuvant therapies, this preclinical tool could accelerate the evaluation and translation of promising post-surgical treatments for patients with OSCC.
Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE
Source →Correlation between histologic features and Decipher genomic risk in prostate cancer biopsies.
Takeda K
Researchers investigated whether the Decipher genomic classifier, a molecular test used to assess prostate cancer aggressiveness, provides meaningful additional information beyond standard biopsy pathology findings. The study retrospectively analyzed 40 prostate biopsies that underwent concurrent Decipher testing, examining clinical variables such as PSA levels and pathological features including Gleason grade, cribriform architecture, and perineural invasion. Key findings showed that high genomic risk cases were strongly associated with higher Grade Groups, greater amounts of Gleason pattern 4, and more frequent cribriform morphology, with Decipher scores moderately correlated with the percentage of Gleason pattern 4 tissue. While unfavorable histology on biopsy demonstrated high specificity and strong positive predictive value for identifying high genomic risk, it only captured about half of all high-risk cases, meaning morphology alone would miss a substantial proportion of aggressive tumors. These results suggest that genomic testing with Decipher complements rather than duplicates traditional pathology assessment, and may be most valuable when selectively applied to cases where standard histologic evaluation is insufficient to guide treatment decisions.
Annals of diagnostic pathology
Source →HPV-related Vulvar Disease.
Swaminathan S, et al
This review article examines the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in vulvar disease, covering the virus's biology, how it spreads, and how it causes illness. The authors provide a clinically focused overview of three key conditions: condyloma acuminata (genital warts), vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), and invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva. A key finding highlighted in the review is that formal screening and management guidelines for vulvar cancer remain limited, pointing to a significant gap in evidence-based consensus compared to other HPV-related cancers. The review emphasizes that early detection, timely intervention, regular follow-up, and HPV vaccination are critical strategies for reducing the burden of these diseases. Clinicians are encouraged to apply a proactive approach to diagnosis and prevention given the high global prevalence of HPV infections and their potential to progress to cancer.
Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
Source →Vaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery versus laparoscopy for ovarian cystectomy: a prospective, open-label, randomized, non-inferiority pilot trial.
Tan K, et al
A prospective randomized pilot trial published in Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics compared vaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES) with conventional laparoscopy for the removal of benign ovarian cysts. In this study, 64 women were randomly assigned to one of the two surgical approaches, with the primary goal of determining whether vNOTES was non-inferior to laparoscopy in terms of procedural success. The results showed success rates of 96.9% for vNOTES versus 100% for laparoscopy, meeting the pre-specified non-inferiority margin of -15%, and the vNOTES group also experienced significantly lower postoperative pain scores. Beyond pain relief, vNOTES offers cosmetic advantages because it leaves no visible abdominal scars, as instruments are inserted through the vagina. These findings suggest that vNOTES is a viable, minimally invasive alternative to laparoscopy for selected patients undergoing ovarian cystectomy, potentially improving recovery experience and patient satisfaction.
Archives of gynecology and obstetrics
Source →GLI1-Rearranged Tumors of the gynaecologic Tract: A Detailed Clinicopathologic Study of 10 Cases.
Zyla RE, et al
Researchers present the largest case series to date of GLI1-rearranged tumors arising in the female genital tract, analyzing 10 cases — 7 in the ovary and 3 in the uterus — from patients aged 26 to 60 years. These rare neoplasms display two main growth patterns: one resembling sex cord-stromal tumors and another mimicking low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma, yet in both cases the immunohistochemical profile contradicts the morphological appearance, making diagnosis extremely challenging without molecular testing. Next-generation sequencing revealed four fusion partners for the GLI1 gene — PTCH1, ACTB, CHD4, and TXNIP — and a notable correlation was found between fusion type and tumor morphology, with PTCH1::GLI1 fusions linked to sex cord-like patterns and ACTB::GLI1 fusions linked to stromal sarcoma-like patterns. Three of the ten tumors recurred, including one case with a late recurrence 15 years after surgery, underscoring the malignant potential of these neoplasms. Importantly, GLI1 immunohistochemistry was identified as a reliable surrogate biomarker when full molecular testing is unavailable, offering clinicians a practical diagnostic tool. The authors conclude that GLI1-rearranged gynecologic tumors are likely more common than currently recognized, and heightened clinical awareness is essential to ensure timely diagnosis and access to targeted therapies such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
The American journal of surgical pathology
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