Latest Research
All publications from the Cancer3.AI database, newest first.
Comparative Analysis of Stromal Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Various Grades and Molecular Subtypes of Breast Carcinoma.
Verma P, et al
A prospective study conducted at a tertiary center in North India examined stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (sTILs) — immune cells present within breast tumor tissue — in 152 confirmed breast cancer cases to understand how these immune markers vary across different tumor grades and molecular subtypes. Researchers found that most tumors (80.3%) showed low sTIL levels, but high sTIL levels were strongly linked to more aggressive disease characteristics, including grade III tumors and larger tumor size. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a subtype known for its poor prognosis and lack of targeted therapies, accounted for 87.5% of high-sTIL tumors, and high sTILs also correlated with hormone receptor negativity and elevated proliferative activity as measured by Ki-67. These findings suggest that sTILs are a meaningful reflection of the immune environment within breast tumors and are particularly elevated in the most aggressive subtypes. The authors recommend incorporating standardized sTIL assessment into routine pathology reporting, as it could help clinicians better identify patients whose tumors harbor an active immune response and who may benefit most from immunotherapy-based approaches.
Annals of African medicine
Source →Superselective vesical artery embolisation in the management of haemorrhagic radiation cystitis.
Leite TF, et al
Researchers from BMJ Case Reports present two cases of radiation-induced hemorrhagic cystitis, a serious late complication of pelvic radiotherapy in which the bladder lining bleeds persistently and may not respond to standard treatments. The first patient developed this condition five years after radiotherapy for bladder cancer, while the second patient experienced it fifteen years after salvage radiotherapy following prostatectomy for prostate cancer. In both cases, conventional medical and endoscopic therapies failed to control the bleeding, prompting clinicians to perform superselective transarterial embolisation, a minimally invasive procedure in which the blood vessels supplying the bladder are precisely blocked to stop hemorrhage. Both patients achieved successful resolution of bleeding without recurrence following the procedure. This report highlights superselective vesical artery embolisation as a viable and effective treatment option for patients suffering from refractory radiation-induced hemorrhagic cystitis, offering hope when other therapies have been exhausted.
BMJ case reports
Source →Urethral Closure Mechanism Caused by Prostate Rotation During Abdominal Pressure in Men: A Dynamic Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.
Kano H, et al
Researchers at Kanazawa University Hospital investigated how the male urethra stays closed during increases in abdominal pressure, such as coughing or straining, using dynamic MRI scans taken before robot-assisted prostate surgery in 145 men. The study found that when abdominal pressure rises, the prostate rotates forward by an average of 5.6 degrees and its apex moves toward the pubic bone, while the membranous urethra shifts in the opposite direction. This opposing movement creates a step-like misalignment at the junction between the prostate and the membranous urethra, effectively pinching the urethra closed and preventing urine leakage. These findings provide the first direct imaging evidence that prostate rotation plays an active, complementary role in the urethral closure mechanism in men with an intact prostate. The results are clinically significant because they help explain why men who undergo radical prostatectomy — which removes the prostate — are at increased risk of stress urinary incontinence, and may inform improved surgical techniques to preserve continence.
Neurourology and urodynamics
Source →Stage-Specific Prognostic Impact of Tumor Location in Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis.
Koterazawa S, et al
A large multi-institutional study examined whether the location of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) — a relatively rare kidney and ureter cancer — affects patient survival and recurrence after surgical removal of the kidney and ureter (radical nephroureterectomy). Researchers analyzed 1,367 patients treated between 2003 and 2023, comparing outcomes between tumors originating in the renal pelvis versus those in the ureter, using propensity score matching to ensure fair comparison. The study found that ureteral tumors were associated with significantly worse cancer-specific survival and recurrence-free survival compared to renal pelvic tumors specifically in patients with stage pT2 disease, with five-year cancer-specific survival of 68% versus 90% respectively. Ureteral tumors also showed higher rates of local recurrence at both pT2 and pT3/T4 stages, while renal pelvic tumors tended to spread to distant sites at more advanced stages. These findings suggest that tumor location within the upper urinary tract meaningfully influences the pattern and risk of recurrence in a stage-dependent manner, highlighting the need for individualized, stage-specific treatment and follow-up strategies for UTUC patients.
Annals of surgical oncology
Source →Differentiating polycythemia vera from sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor-associated polycythemia.
Krecak I, et al
This publication addresses the clinical challenge of distinguishing polycythemia vera (PV), a serious blood cancer characterized by overproduction of red blood cells, from a benign rise in red blood cell counts caused by SGLT2 inhibitors, a widely used class of diabetes medications. SGLT2 inhibitors are known to increase hematocrit and hemoglobin levels as a side effect, which can mimic the laboratory findings seen in polycythemia vera and potentially lead to misdiagnosis. The study examines the key clinical, laboratory, and molecular features that differentiate these two conditions, providing guidance for clinicians who may encounter patients on SGLT2 inhibitors presenting with elevated red blood cell parameters. Accurate differentiation is critical because polycythemia vera requires specific treatment and monitoring to prevent life-threatening complications such as thrombosis, while SGLT2 inhibitor-associated polycythemia is benign and requires no hematologic intervention. This work is particularly timely given the rapidly expanding use of SGLT2 inhibitors in diabetes, heart failure, and kidney disease management, increasing the likelihood of clinicians encountering this diagnostic dilemma.
Acta diabetologica
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