Latest Research
All publications from the Cancer3.AI database, newest first.
A biomimetic arsenic-based nanozyme enhances dual epigenetic regulation to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy for acute myeloid leukaemia.
Chang A, et al
Researchers have engineered a biomimetic arsenic-based nanozyme, designated As/ZIF-8@M, to overcome aberrant epigenetic modifications that severely limit the effectiveness of immunotherapy in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The nanozyme was purpose-built with leukemia cell recognition capabilities, phagocytic function, and bone marrow homing properties to ensure precise delivery to AML cells. Inside cancer cells, the nanozyme exploits the natural valence switching of arsenic between its trivalent (As3+) and pentavalent (As5+) states to exert both peroxidase-like and glutathione oxidase-like activities, simultaneously reprogramming DNA methylation and arginine methylation in a dual epigenetic mechanism. This coordinated epigenetic reprogramming activated the cGAS-STING immune signaling pathway, reversing the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in AML and substantially boosting the efficacy of PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Published in Biomaterials, this study introduces the first catalysis-driven biomimetic arsenic nanozyme designed to remodel the AML microenvironment, representing a promising new therapeutic strategy that could meaningfully improve outcomes for leukemia patients who respond poorly to current immunotherapies.
Biomaterials
Source →Disseminated Kaposi Sarcoma: Unveiling the undiagnosed HIV.
Gowda SK, et al
This publication presents a case of disseminated Kaposi sarcoma that served as the initial clinical presentation leading to the diagnosis of a previously undetected HIV infection. Kaposi sarcoma is a vascular tumor caused by Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) and is strongly associated with HIV-related immune suppression, particularly when it appears in a disseminated form affecting skin, mucosa, and internal organs. The case illustrates how aggressive or widespread Kaposi sarcoma can be the first warning sign prompting clinicians to test for underlying HIV infection in patients unaware of their status. This report highlights the critical importance of considering HIV as a root cause whenever disseminated Kaposi sarcoma is encountered, even in patients without a known HIV diagnosis. Early identification of HIV and prompt initiation of antiretroviral therapy can reverse immune deficiency, reduce tumor burden, and substantially improve patient prognosis.
QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians
Source →Ileocecal CD5-Positive Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Presenting with Acute Obstructive Symptoms: A Case Report.
Kashiwagi J, et al
This case report describes an 80-year-old man who presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain and fever caused by acute intestinal obstruction, ultimately diagnosed as CD5-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) arising in the ileocecal region — a rare and aggressive lymphoma subtype representing only 5–10% of all DLBCL cases. Initial contrast-enhanced CT imaging strongly resembled locally advanced right-sided colon cancer, leading clinicians to perform an emergency laparoscopic right hemicolectomy, but histopathological examination of the resected specimen revealed an 8-centimeter ulcerated mass consistent with non-germinal center B-cell type CD5-positive DLBCL, with all 11 sampled regional lymph nodes negative for disease. Despite the initially localized surgical findings, subsequent imaging indicated disseminated disease, and the patient was started on R-CHOP immunochemotherapy (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone). This case demonstrates that malignant lymphoma can closely mimic colorectal carcinoma on imaging and should be included in the differential diagnosis whenever acute bowel obstruction is encountered. For clinicians, prompt surgical intervention in such cases not only relieves obstruction but provides definitive tissue diagnosis, enabling timely referral to hematology for systemic treatment planning.
Surgical case reports
Source →A rare case of extramedullary plasmacytoma of the paranasal sinuses.
Butt L, et al
This case report describes an exceptionally rare occurrence of extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) located in the paranasal sinuses, a presentation so uncommon in the head and neck region that it warrants dedicated documentation in the medical literature. Plasmacytoma is a malignant tumor arising from plasma cells and can manifest either within the bone marrow, classified as solitary bone plasmacytoma, or outside bone tissue, typically originating from mucosal surfaces as extramedullary plasmacytoma. The authors emphasize the pivotal role of medical imaging in achieving an accurate diagnosis and in conducting appropriate long-term follow-up for patients with this condition. Both forms of plasmacytoma carry a significant risk of progression to multiple myeloma, a far more prevalent and aggressive plasma cell malignancy that requires intensive treatment. This case serves as an important reminder for clinicians to include extramedullary plasmacytoma in the differential diagnosis of sinonasal masses and to apply rigorous imaging-based surveillance protocols.
BJR case reports
Source →Guben Qingyuan Herbal Medicine Delays Enzalutamide Resistance in Prostate Cancer by Alleviating Tumor Hypoxia and Reprogramming Energy Metabolism in Cancer Stem Cells.
Zhu X, et al
Researchers investigated how a traditional Chinese herbal formula called Guben Qingyuan (GBQY) can help overcome resistance to enzalutamide, a key drug used in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), by targeting tumor oxygen deprivation and cancer stem cells. The study found that enzalutamide treatment worsens hypoxic conditions within tumors, which in turn expands a population of cancer stem cells that drive drug resistance. Under low-oxygen conditions, the protein HIF-1α activates an enzyme called ACLY, which reprograms cellular energy metabolism to increase glucose uptake and boost production of acetyl-CoA, a molecule that activates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway linked to treatment resistance. When GBQY was combined with enzalutamide in laboratory and animal models, it significantly reduced tumor hypoxia, suppressed cancer stem cell markers, and delayed the emergence of enzalutamide resistance. These findings provide preclinical evidence that combining this traditional herbal formula with standard therapy may represent a promising strategy to prolong treatment effectiveness in prostate cancer patients who would otherwise develop drug resistance.
Journal of ethnopharmacology
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