Oncolytic viruses and cytokine-based gene therapies reprogram the tumor microenvironment

A comprehensive review published in Nature Cancer by Chiocca and colleagues examines how oncolytic viruses and cytokine-based gene therapies can reprogram the tumor immune microenvironment to enhance anti-cancer responses. The overview synthesizes current knowledge on how these biological agents alter immune cell composition, signaling pathways, and immunosuppressive barriers within tumors. Understanding these mechanisms is critical for designing more effective combination strategies and improving patient outcomes in immuno-oncology. The work provides a valuable framework for researchers and clinicians seeking to optimize viral and gene therapy approaches against cancer.