Dietary arginine drives codon-dependent MHC class I translation and improves immunity in colon tumorigenesis and respiratory viral infection

Dietary arginine availability directly regulates arginyl-tRNA levels, which in turn control codon-dependent translation of MHC class I molecules, thereby tuning antigen presentation on the cell surface. This mechanism enhances both anti-tumor immunity in colon tumorigenesis models and anti-viral immunity in respiratory infection. The findings, published in Cell, reveal a previously unrecognized nutritional–translational axis linking amino acid metabolism to immune surveillance, with potential implications for dietary interventions that could augment immunotherapy responses in colorectal cancer.