From algorithms to patient outcomes — lessons from one of the first randomized trials of AI in medicine

A Nature Medicine commentary argues that the next generation of medical AI should be judged not by whether algorithms match clinicians but by whether integrated human–AI systems measurably improve patient outcomes. The authors draw lessons from the first completed randomized controlled trials of AI in clinical practice and call for trial designs that capture downstream clinical endpoints rather than standalone diagnostic accuracy. This is an editorial commentary, not a study result.