Hallmarks of liver cancer: Therapeutic implications

A comprehensive review published in Cell examines the distinct cancer hallmarks driving hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), the two major forms of primary liver cancer. The authors detail how these hallmarks shape each tumor's biology, therapeutic vulnerabilities, and interactions with the immune microenvironment. The work synthesizes current knowledge on how the hallmarks framework has advanced understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying differential immunotherapy responses in liver cancer. By mapping hallmark-specific vulnerabilities, the review provides a roadmap for precision medicine strategies tailored to each liver cancer subtype. The paper is expected to serve as an influential reference for researchers and clinicians seeking to translate hallmark biology into targeted and immune-based treatment approaches.